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Cystine is the oxidized derivative of the amino acid cysteine and has the formula (SCH 2 CH(NH 2)CO 2 H) 2.It is a white solid that is poorly soluble in water. As a residue in proteins, cystine serves two functions: a site of redox reactions and a mechanical linkage that allows proteins to retain their three-dimensional structure.
Cysteine (symbol Cys or C; [5] / ˈ s ɪ s t ɪ iː n /) [6] is a semiessential [7] proteinogenic amino acid with the formula HOOC−CH(−NH 2)−CH 2 −SH.The thiol side chain in cysteine enables the formation of disulfide bonds, and often participates in enzymatic reactions as a nucleophile.
Cystinuria is an inherited autosomal recessive disease [1] characterized by high concentrations of the amino acid cystine in the urine, leading to the formation of cystine stones in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. It is a type of aminoaciduria. "Cystine", not "cysteine," is implicated in this disease; the former is a dimer of the latter.
Chemical formula: C 3 H 7 N O 2 S Molar mass: 121.16 g·mol −1 Systematic name: (2R)-2-amino-3-sulfanyl-propanoic acid Abbreviations: C, Cys Synonyms: 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid
Cystinosis is a lysosomal storage disease characterized by the abnormal accumulation of cystine, the oxidized dimer of the amino acid cysteine. [3] It is a genetic disorder that follows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern.
γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine, also known as γ-glutamylcysteine (GGC), is a dipeptide found in animals, plants, fungi, some bacteria, and archaea. It has a relatively unusual γ-bond between the constituent amino acids , L -glutamic acid and L -cysteine and is a key intermediate in the γ-glutamyl cycle first described by Meister in the 1970s.
Cysteine metabolism refers to the biological pathways that consume or create cysteine. The pathways of different amino acids and other metabolites interweave and overlap to creating complex systems. The pathways of different amino acids and other metabolites interweave and overlap to creating complex systems.
A cystine knot is a protein structural motif containing three disulfide bridges (formed from pairs of cysteine residues). The sections of polypeptide that occur between two of them form a loop through which a third disulfide bond passes, forming a rotaxane substructure.