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Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), also known as hyperosmolar non-ketotic state (HONK), is a complication of diabetes mellitus in which high blood sugar results in high osmolarity without significant ketoacidosis. [4] [5] Symptoms include signs of dehydration, weakness, leg cramps, vision problems, and an altered level of consciousness. [2]
Hyperosmolar syndrome or diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome is a medical emergency caused by a very high blood glucose level. The prefix " hyper- " means high, and " osmolarity " is a measure of the concentration of active particles in a solution , so the name of the syndrome simply refers to the high concentration of glucose in the blood .
Diabetic coma was a more significant diagnostic problem before the late 1970s, when glucose meters and rapid blood chemistry analyzers were not available in all hospitals. In modern medical practice, it rarely takes more than a few questions, a quick look, and a glucose meter to determine the cause of unconsciousness in a patient with diabetes.
Diabetic coma is a medical emergency in which a person with diabetes mellitus is comatose (unconscious) because of one of the acute complications of diabetes: [24] [25] Severe diabetic hypoglycemia; Diabetic ketoacidosis advanced enough to result in unconsciousness from a combination of severe hyperglycemia, dehydration and shock, and exhaustion
Untreated central diabetes insipidus patients usually exhibit polyuria, nocturia, and polydipsia as a result of the initial rise of serum sodium and osmolality. [5] Patients may also experience neurologic symptoms associated with the underlying illness, such as headaches and diplopia, depending on the exact origin of the central diabetes insipidus.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. [6] Common symptoms include increased thirst , frequent urination , fatigue and unexplained weight loss . [ 3 ]
It is a complex interaction of enzymes, substrates, itnermediate products, etc. diabetes mellitus is a derangement of metabolism. Metformin A drug treatment for type 2 diabetes; belongs to a class of drugs called biguanides. First-line pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mg/dL Milligrams per deciliter.
Coma; Seizures; Frequent hunger without other symptoms can also indicate that blood sugar levels are too low. This may occur when people who have diabetes take too much oral hypoglycemic medication or insulin for the amount of food they eat. The resulting drop in blood sugar level to below the normal range prompts a hunger response. [citation ...
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