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  2. PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PD-1_and_PD-L1_inhibitors

    The concept of blocking PD-1 and PD-L1 for the treatment of cancer was first published in 2001. [6] Pharmaceutical companies began attempting to develop drugs to block these molecules, and the first clinical trial was launched in 2006, evaluating nivolumab.

  3. Treatment of lung cancer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatment_of_lung_cancer

    For patients with tumor PD-L1 expression level of 1–49%, monotherapy with pembrolizumab as per KEYNOTE-042 is an appealing option, especially for smoker males. [54] [16] Treatment of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). First line Immunotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. [16]

  4. Immune checkpoint - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_checkpoint

    PD-1: short for Programmed Death 1 (PD-1) receptor, has two ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2. This checkpoint is the target of Merck & Co.'s melanoma drug Keytruda, which gained FDA approval in September 2014. The checkpoint is also the target of EMD Serono (Merck KGaA)'s drug Bavencio, which gained FDA approval in 2017. An advantage of targeting PD-1 ...

  5. Checkpoint inhibitor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checkpoint_inhibitor

    PD-L1 on the cell surface binds to PD-1 on an immune cell surface, which inhibits immune cell activity. Among PD-L1 functions is a key regulatory role on T cell activities. [3] [4] It appears that (cancer-mediated) upregulation of PD-L1 on the cell surface may inhibit T cells that might otherwise attack. Antibodies that bind to either PD-1 or ...

  6. Pembrolizumab - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembrolizumab

    Micrograph showing a PD-L1 positive non-small cell lung carcinoma. PD-L1 immunostain. As of 2019, pembrolizumab is used via intravenous infusion to treat inoperable or metastatic melanoma, metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in certain situations, as a first-line treatment for metastatic bladder cancer in patients who cannot receive cisplatin-based chemotherapy and have high levels ...

  7. Gilead Sciences (GILD) Q4 2024 Earnings Call Transcript - AOL

    www.aol.com/gilead-sciences-gild-q4-2024...

    In lung cancer, Trodelvy continues to be evaluated in combination with pembro in first-line PD-L1 high metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer in the phase 3 EVOKE-03 study.

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