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A packhorse, pack horse, or sumpter refers to a horse, mule, donkey, or pony used to carry goods on its back, usually in sidebags or panniers. Typically packhorses are used to cross difficult terrain, where the absence of roads prevents the use of wheeled vehicles. Use of packhorses dates from the Neolithic period to the present day.
A pack animal, also known as a sumpter animal or beast of burden, is a working animal used to transport goods or materials by carrying them, usually on its back. Domestic animals of many species are used in this way, among them alpacas , Bactrian camels , donkeys , dromedaries , gayal , goats , horses , llamas , mules , reindeer , water ...
The pack saddle consists of a tree, or the wooden blocks that sit on the horse's back, the half breed which is the canvas saddle cover, the breeching and often a crupper which prevents the loaded saddle from sliding too far forward and the breast collar which holds the loaded saddle from sliding too far back on the packhorse or mule.
Essex Bridge, a packhorse bridge across the River Trent Medieval packhorse bridge crossing the Almofrei at Cotobade, Galicia. A packhorse bridge is a bridge intended to carry packhorses (horses loaded with sidebags or panniers) across a river or stream.
A variety of work horses were used throughout the Middle Ages. The pack horse (or "sumpter horse") carried equipment and belongings. [15] Common riding horses, often called "hackneys", could be used as pack horses. [59] Cart horses pulled wagons for trading and freight haulage, on farms, or as part of a military campaign.
Harness breeching Breeching on a horse in a light cart Breeching ( / ˈ b r ɪ tʃ ɪ ŋ / "britching") is a strap around the haunches of a draft , pack or riding animal . Both under saddle and in harness , breeching engages when an animal slows down or travels downhill and is used to brake or stabilize a load.
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While the destrier is the most well-known warhorse of the Medieval era, it was the least common, and coursers were often preferred for battle.Both were expensive, highly trained horses prized by knights and nobles, while a poorer knight, squire or man-at-arms would use a rouncey for fighting.