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The S-matrix is closely related to the transition probability amplitude in quantum mechanics and to cross sections of various interactions; the elements (individual numerical entries) in the S-matrix are known as scattering amplitudes. Poles of the S-matrix in the complex-energy plane are identified with bound states, virtual states or resonances.
In S-matrix theory, the S-matrix relates the infinite past to the infinite future in one step, without being decomposable into intermediate steps corresponding to time-slices. This program was very influential in the 1960s, because it was a plausible substitute for quantum field theory , which was plagued with the zero interaction phenomenon at ...
For example, if the DUT has 5 ports and a two port VNA is connected with VNA port 1 to DUT port 3 and VNA port 2 to DUT port 5, the measured VNA results (, , and ) would be equivalent to , , and respectively, assuming that DUT ports 1, 2 and 4 were terminated in adequate 50 Ohm loads . This would provide 4 of the necessary 25 S-parameters.
the dynamic properties of S/MAR-scaffold contacts as derived by haloFISH investigations [5] the fact that during transcription DNA is reeled through RNA-polymerase which itself is a fixed component of the nuclear matrix [6] the fact that certain domain-intrinsic S/MARs require the support of an adjacent transcription factor to become active. [4]
This can be seen as follows: [5] The S-matrix can be written as: = + where is the part of the S-matrix that is due to interactions; e.g. = just implies the S-matrix is 1, no interaction occur and all states remain unchanged. Unitarity of the S-matrix: † =
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
Different fields of application have different definitions for the term. All the meanings are very similar in concept: In chemistry, the transmission coefficient refers to a chemical reaction overcoming a potential barrier; in optics and telecommunications it is the amplitude of a wave transmitted through a medium or conductor to that of the incident wave; in quantum mechanics it is used to ...
Examples of graded potentials. Graded potentials are changes in membrane potential that vary according to the size of the stimulus, as opposed to being all-or-none.They include diverse potentials such as receptor potentials, electrotonic potentials, subthreshold membrane potential oscillations, slow-wave potential, pacemaker potentials, and synaptic potentials.