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Carnivores have chelicerae that tear and crush prey, whereas herbivores can have chelicerae that are modified for piercing and sucking (as do parasitic species). In sea spiders, the chelicerae (also known as chelifores) are short and chelate and are positioned on either side of the base of the proboscis or sometimes vestigial or absent.
However, spiders' chelicerae form fangs that most species use to inject venom into prey. The group has the open circulatory system typical of arthropods, in which a tube-like heart pumps blood through the hemocoel, which is the major body cavity. Marine chelicerates have gills, while the air-breathing forms generally have both book lungs and ...
The chelicerae (/ k ə ˈ l ɪ s ər iː /) are the mouthparts of the subphylum Chelicerata, an arthropod group that includes arachnids, horseshoe crabs, and sea spiders. Commonly referred to as " jaws ", chelicerae may be shaped as either articulated fangs , or as a type of pincers .
Chelicera (plural chelicerae): One of two appendages at the front of the carapace, made up of basal portion, the paturon, and the fang; [5] sometimes called the jaw; see also Chelicerae; Cheliceral furrow: A shallow groove on the basal portion of a chelicera accommodating the fang, usually having teeth on its margins [6]
Close-up of the chelicerae of a harvestman. The chelicerae consist of three segments, with the distal two forming a pincer [3] equipped with a row of teeth. Based on developmental gene expression data, the proximal segment is thought to be homologous to the femur and patella of the legs, the middle segment to the tibia through the tarsus of the legs, and the distal segment to the apotele (the ...
They have fewer book lungs (when present) – usually one pair – and the females typically live one year. The Mygalomorphae have fangs that face towards the ground, and which are parallel to the long axis of the spider's body, thus they have only one orientation they can employ during prey capture. They have two pairs of book lungs, and the ...
The classical view was that the chelicerae were homologous to the second antennae of crustaceans (i.e., they are innervated from the tritocerebrum), a view based partly on the fact that the chelicerae were innervated from the same ganglion that innervates the labrum, which is the tritocerebrum in crustaceans and insects.
In animals like whip scorpions and whip spiders the first two 'sternites' bearing the book lungs may actually be highly modified opisthosomal limbs. Segmentation of the opisthosoma in adult spiders is not visible, but embryo spiders typically have 13 segments, the posterior segments being called the presegmental zone.