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Categorization for signal modulation based on data and carrier types. In electronics and telecommunications, modulation is the process of varying one or more properties of a periodic waveform, called the carrier signal, with a separate signal called the modulation signal that typically contains information to be transmitted. [1]
This commonly occurs under light loads. In this case, the current through the inductor falls to zero during part of the period (see waveforms in Figure 4). Although the difference is slight, it has a strong effect on the output voltage equation. Fig. 4. Waveforms of inductor current and voltage in a boost converter operating in discontinuous mode.
Fig 3: Waveforms of current and voltage in a buck–boost converter operating in continuous mode. If the current through the inductor L never falls to zero during a commutation cycle, the converter is said to operate in continuous mode. The current and voltage waveforms in an ideal converter can be seen in Figure 3.
The input signal is used to switch the active device, causing pulses of current to flow through a tuned circuit forming part of the load. [18] The class-C amplifier has two modes of operation: tuned and untuned. [19] The diagram shows a waveform from a simple class-C circuit without the tuned load.
A sine, square, and sawtooth wave at 440 Hz A composite waveform that is shaped like a teardrop. A waveform generated by a synthesizer. In electronics, acoustics, and related fields, the waveform of a signal is the shape of its graph as a function of time, independent of its time and magnitude scales and of any displacement in time.
By integrating Idt (= dQ ; as I = dQ/dt, C = Q/V so dV = dQ/C) under the output current waveform through writing output ripple voltage as dV = Idt/C we integrate the area above the axis to get the peak-to-peak ripple voltage as: ΔV = ΔI T/8C (where ΔI is the peak-to-peak ripple current and T is the time period of ripple. A full explanation ...