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Main group elements can also form π-complexes with alkenes and alkynes. The β-diketiminato aluminum(I) complex Al{HC(CMeNAr) 2 } (Ar = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl), which bears an Al-based sp x lone pair, reacts with alkenes and alkynes to give alumina (III) cyclopropanes and alumina (III) cyclopropenes in a process analogous to the formation of π ...
Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula C 2 H 4 or H 2 C=CH 2.It is a colourless, flammable gas with a faint "sweet and musky" odour when pure. [7] It is the simplest alkene (a hydrocarbon with carbon–carbon double bonds).
Structure of (acac)Rh(C 2 H 4)(C 2 F 4), distances (red) in picometers. [3]The bonding between alkenes and transition metals is described by the Dewar–Chatt–Duncanson model, which involves donation of electrons in the pi-orbital on the alkene to empty orbitals on the metal.
The reaction equation for hydration of ethylene is: H 2 C=CH 2 + H 2 O→ H 3 C-CH 2 OH Example of hydrohalogenation: addition of HBr to an alkene. Hydrohalogenation involves addition of H−X to unsaturated hydrocarbons. This reaction results in new C−H and C−X σ bonds. The formation of the intermediate carbocation is selective and ...
For many substances, the formation reaction may be considered as the sum of a number of simpler reactions, either real or fictitious. The enthalpy of reaction can then be analyzed by applying Hess' law, which states that the sum of the enthalpy changes for a number of individual reaction steps equals the enthalpy change of the overall reaction.
In organic chemistry, an addition reaction is an organic reaction in which two or more molecules combine to form a larger molecule called the adduct. [1] [2] An addition reaction is limited to chemical compounds that have multiple bonds. Examples include a molecule with a carbon–carbon double bond (an alkene) or a triple bond (an alkyne).
The cycle is concerned with the formation of an ionic compound from the reaction of a metal (often a Group I or Group II element) with a halogen or other non-metallic element such as oxygen. Born–Haber cycles are used primarily as a means of calculating lattice energy (or more precisely enthalpy [note 1]), which cannot otherwise be measured ...
The reaction also occurs in the gas phase, in the presence of a phosphoric acid salt as a catalyst. [33] The reaction is usually carried out at about 60 °C (140 °F) with a large excess of water, in order to prevent the reaction of the formed ethylene glycol with ethylene oxide that would form di-and triethylene glycol: [34]