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The name of the government in the Constitution of Australia is the "Government of the Commonwealth". [15] This was the name used in many early federal government publications. [16] However, in 1965 Robert Menzies indicated his preference for the name "Australian Government" in order to prevent confusion with the new Commonwealth of Nations. [17]
Each portfolio is led by one or more government ministers who are members of the federal parliament, appointed by the governor-general on the advice of the prime minister. [1] As of December 2023, there are 1,334 government entities reportable to the Australian Government Organisations Register. This includes: [2] [3]
The separation of powers in Australia is the division of the institutions of the Australian government into legislative, executive and judicial branches.This concept is where legislature makes the laws, the executive put the laws into operation, and the judiciary interprets the laws; all independently of each other.
The Australian Constitution sets down the powers and responsibilities of many of the institutions of the Australian Commonwealth. However, the prime minister, the cabinet and the other principles of responsible government are not explicitly mentioned in the document, along with most of the realities of exercise of executive power.
The Constitution of Australia (also known as the Commonwealth Constitution) is the fundamental law that governs the political structure of Australia.It is a written constitution, which establishes the country as a federation under a constitutional monarchy governed with a parliamentary system.
The Parliament of Australia (officially the Parliament of the Commonwealth [4] and also known as the Federal Parliament) is the federal legislature of Australia.It consists of three elements: the monarch of Australia (represented by the governor-general), the Senate (the upper house), and the House of Representatives (the lower house). [4]
While there are some similarities among the state constitutions, each state has its unique provisions and structures. Generally, state constitutions establish a system of responsible government, where the executive is accountable to the legislative branch. In Australia, State constitutions do not meaningfully limit the power of State parliaments.
In its design, Australia's federal system was modelled closely on the American federal system.This included: enumeration of the powers of parliament (s. 51) and not those of the States, with the States being assigned a broad 'residual' power instead (s. 108); a 'supremacy' clause (s. 109); strong bicameralism, with a Senate in which the States are equally represented notwithstanding great ...