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A selection of animals showing a range of possible body symmetries, including asymmetry, radial, and bilateral body plans Illustration depicting the difference between bilateral , radial (actinomorphic flowers) and spherical (coccus bacteria) symmetry. Symmetry in biology refers to the symmetry observed in organisms, including plants, animals ...
Bilateria (/ ˌ b aɪ l ə ˈ t ɪər i ə /) [5] is a large clade or infrakingdom of animals called bilaterians (/ ˌ b aɪ l ə ˈ t ɪər i ə n /), [6] characterised by bilateral symmetry (i.e. having a left and a right side that are mirror images of each other) during embryonic development.
In biology, the notion of symmetry is mostly used explicitly to describe body shapes. Bilateral animals, including humans, are more or less symmetric with respect to the sagittal plane which divides the body into left and right halves. [21]
Cephalization is a characteristic feature of any animal that habitually moves in one direction, thereby gaining a front end. In practice, this primarily means the bilaterians, a large group containing the majority of animal phyla. [3]
Segmentation (biology) – Division of some animal and plant body plans into a series of segments; Supernumerary body part – Growth of an additional part of the body and a deviation from the body plan; Symmetry in biology – Geometric symmetry in living beings
Animals mainly have bilateral or mirror symmetry, as do the leaves of plants and some flowers such as orchids. [30] Plants often have radial or rotational symmetry, as do many flowers and some groups of animals such as sea anemones. Fivefold symmetry is found in the echinoderms, the group that includes starfish, sea urchins, and sea lilies. [31]
A gynandromorph can have bilateral symmetry—one side female and one side male. [24] Alternatively, the distribution of male and female tissue can be more haphazard. Bilateral gynandromorphy arises very early in development, typically when the organism has between 8 and 64 cells. [25] Later stages produce a more random pattern. [citation needed]
English: Illustrating different forms of symmetry in biology - the three main forms (bilateral, radial and spherical). Cartoon form generated using shapes from biorender. To be used in the symmetry in biology page.