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Āstika (Sanskrit: आस्तिक; [ɑst̪ɪkᵊ], IAST: Āstika) and Nāstika (Sanskrit: नास्तिक; [n̪ɑst̪ɪkᵊ], IAST: Nāstika) are mutually exclusive terms that modern scholars use to classify the schools of Indian philosophy as well as some Hindu, Buddhist and Jain texts.
The dictionary meaning of Lokāyata (लोकायत) signifies "directed towards, aiming at the world, worldly". [ 18 ] [ e ] In early to mid 20th century literature, the etymology of Lokayata has been given different interpretations, in part because the primary sources are unavailable, and the meaning has been deduced from divergent ...
In Indian philosophy, of which Hindu philosophy is a prominent subset, the word used for philosophy is Darshana (Sanskrit: दर्शन; meaning: "viewpoint or perspective"), from the Sanskrit root 'दृश' (drish) meaning 'to see, to experience'. [1]
Philosophy of language is the area of philosophy which investigates the nature of language and the relations between language, language users, and the world. [1] Investigations may include inquiry into the nature of meaning , intentionality , reference , the constitution of sentences, concepts, learning , and thought .
[14] [15] The meaning of Vedanta expanded later to encompass the different philosophical traditions that interpret and explain the Prasthanatrayi in the light of their respective views on the relation between humans and the Divine or Absolute reality. [12] [16] The Upanishads may be regarded as the end of Vedas in different senses: [17]
Vaisheshika (IAST: Vaiśeṣika; / v aɪ ˈ ʃ ɛ ʃ ɪ k ə /; Sanskrit: वैशेषिक) is one of the six schools of Hindu philosophy from ancient India.In its early stages, Vaiśeṣika was an independent philosophy with its own metaphysics, epistemology, logic, ethics, and soteriology. [1]
Hindu philosophy has a diversity of traditions and numerous saints and scholars, such as Adi Shankara of Advaita Vedanta school. Some of the earliest surviving Indian philosophical texts are the Upanishads of the later Vedic period (1000–500 BCE), which are considered to preserve the ideas of Brahmanism. Indian philosophical traditions are ...
The definition and meaning of moksha varies between various schools of Indian religions. [14] Moksha means freedom, liberation, but from what and how is where the schools differ. [ 15 ] Moksha is also a concept that means liberation from rebirth or saṃsāra . [ 4 ]