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The 5.56×45mm NATO standard SS109/M855 cartridge was designed for maximum performance when fired from a 508 mm (20.0 in) long barrel, as was the original 5.56 mm M193 cartridge. Experiments with longer length barrels up to 610 mm (24.0 in) resulted in no improvement or a decrease in muzzle velocities for the SS109/M855 cartridge.
Muzzle velocity. Muzzle velocity is the speed of a projectile (bullet, pellet, slug, ball / shots or shell) with respect to [1] the muzzle at the moment it leaves the end of a gun 's barrel (i.e. the muzzle). [2] Firearm muzzle velocities range from approximately 120 m/s (390 ft/s) to 370 m/s (1,200 ft/s) in black powder muskets, [3] to more ...
The bullet must tightly fit the bore to seal the high pressure of the burning gunpowder. This tight fit results in a large frictional force. The friction of the bullet in the bore does have a slight impact on the final velocity, but that is generally not much of a concern. Of greater concern is the heat that is generated due to the friction.
The velocity of the cartridge ranges from 2,000 km/h (1,200 mph; 560 m/s; 1,800 ft/s) up to about 4,500 km/h (2,800 mph; 1,200 m/s; 4,100 ft/s). The Swift is a large-cased .224 caliber cartridge and bullet that was created for small game such as prairie dogs , groundhogs , marmots and other vermin (or "varmints" in the US).
Subsonic ammunition. Subsonic ammunitions are ammunitions designed to operate at velocities below the speed of sound (Mach 1), which at standard conditions is 340.29 m/s (1,116.4 ft/s). This avoids the supersonic shockwave or "crack" of a supersonic bullet, which, particularly for suppressed firearms, influences the loudness of the shot. [1][2][3]
External ballistics. This schlieren image of a bullet travelling in free-flight demonstrates the air-pressure dynamics surrounding the bullet. External ballistics or exterior ballistics is the part of ballistics that deals with the behavior of a projectile in flight. The projectile may be powered or un-powered, guided or unguided, spin or fin ...
A 180 gr (12 g) bullet at 2,775 ft/s (846 m/s), which is a very common 30-06 Springfield load and not its true maximum potential, achieves 3,079 ft⋅lbf (4,175 J) of energy. Due to the slug's larger caliber and shape, it has greater air resistance and slows down much more quickly than a bullet.
Heckler & Koch G36. The Heckler & Koch G36 (Gewehr 36) is an assault rifle designed in the early 1990s by German weapons manufacturer Heckler & Koch. It is chambered in 5.56×45mm NATO, and replaced the heavier G3 battle rifle chambered in 7.62×51mm. [1] The G36 was accepted into service with the Bundeswehr in 1997. [2]