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Theoretical results in machine learning mainly deal with a type of inductive learning called supervised learning. In supervised learning, an algorithm is given samples that are labeled in some useful way. For example, the samples might be descriptions of mushrooms, and the labels could be whether or not the mushrooms are edible.
In supervised learning, the training data is labeled with the expected answers, while in unsupervised learning, the model identifies patterns or structures in unlabeled data. In machine learning , supervised learning ( SL ) is a paradigm where a model is trained using input objects (e.g. a vector of predictor variables) and desired output ...
OpenML: [493] Web platform with Python, R, Java, and other APIs for downloading hundreds of machine learning datasets, evaluating algorithms on datasets, and benchmarking algorithm performance against dozens of other algorithms. PMLB: [494] A large, curated repository of benchmark datasets for evaluating supervised machine learning algorithms ...
Machine learning (ML) is a subfield of artificial intelligence within computer science that evolved from the study of pattern recognition and computational learning theory. [1] In 1959, Arthur Samuel defined machine learning as a "field of study that gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed". [ 2 ]
From the perspective of statistical learning theory, supervised learning is best understood. [4] Supervised learning involves learning from a training set of data. Every point in the training is an input–output pair, where the input maps to an output. The learning problem consists of inferring the function that maps between the input and the ...
Active learning is a special case of machine learning in which a learning algorithm can interactively query a human user (or some other information source), to label new data points with the desired outputs. The human user must possess knowledge/expertise in the problem domain, including the ability to consult/research authoritative sources ...
In general, the risk () cannot be computed because the distribution (,) is unknown to the learning algorithm. However, given a sample of iid training data points, we can compute an estimate, called the empirical risk, by computing the average of the loss function over the training set; more formally, computing the expectation with respect to the empirical measure:
RLHF suffers from challenges with collecting human feedback, learning a reward model, and optimizing the policy. [38] Compared to data collection for techniques like unsupervised or self-supervised learning, collecting data for RLHF is less scalable and more expensive. Its quality and consistency may vary depending on the task, interface, and ...