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Some of the most well known are antiviral drugs widely used to treat HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C and COVID-19. These protease inhibitors prevent viral replication by selectively binding to viral proteases (e.g. HIV-1 protease ) and blocking proteolytic cleavage of protein precursors that are necessary for the production of infectious viral particles .
TMC-647055 is an experimental antiviral drug which was developed as a treatment for hepatitis C, and is in clinical trials as a combination treatment with ribavirin and simeprevir. It acts as a NS5b polymerase inhibitor. [1] [2] [3]
The virus is internalized and the nucleocapsid is released into the cytoplasm of the hepatocyte after binding with the receptor. The NS5B protein, which is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, catalyzes hepatitis C virus replication. [10] The hepatitis C virus can cause acute infection but most patients are asymptomatic upon exposure.
HCV genome. Nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) is a viral protein found in the hepatitis C virus (HCV). [1] It is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, having the key function of replicating HCV's viral RNA by using the viral positive RNA strand as a template to catalyze the polymerization of ribonucleoside triphosphates (rNTP) during RNA replication.
Daclatasvir, sold under the brand name Daklinza, is an antiviral medication used in combination with other medications to treat hepatitis C (HCV). [5] The other medications used in combination include sofosbuvir, ribavirin, and interferon, vary depending on the virus type and whether the person has cirrhosis. [3] It is taken by mouth. [5]
HCV is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that has been demonstrated to replicate in the hepatocytes of both humans and chimpanzees. A single HCV polyprotein is translated, and then cleaved by cellular and viral proteases into three structural proteins (core, E1, and E2) and seven nonstructural proteins (p7, NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, and NS5B).
It is also possible that NS5A is a critical component during HCV replication and subcellular localization, which may shed light on the poorly understood HCV life cycle. [ 1 ] [ 4 ] Additionally, NS5A has been shown to modulate the polymerase activity of NS5B , an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) . [ 3 ]
PCR inhibitors are any factor which prevent the amplification of nucleic acids through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). [1] PCR inhibition is the most common cause of amplification failure when sufficient copies of DNA are present. [2] PCR inhibitors usually affect PCR through interaction with DNA or interference with the DNA polymerase.
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