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Statistical proof is the rational demonstration of degree of certainty for a proposition, hypothesis or theory that is used to convince others subsequent to a statistical test of the supporting evidence and the types of inferences that can be drawn from the test scores.
In statistics, hypotheses suggested by a given dataset, when tested with the same dataset that suggested them, are likely to be accepted even when they are not true.This is because circular reasoning (double dipping) would be involved: something seems true in the limited data set; therefore we hypothesize that it is true in general; therefore we wrongly test it on the same, limited data set ...
A proof procedure for a logic is complete if it produces a proof for each provable statement. The theorems of logical systems are typically recursively enumerable, which implies the existence of a complete but usually extremely inefficient proof procedure; however, a proof procedure is only of interest if it is reasonably efficient.
Proof complexity, computational resources required to prove statements; Proof procedure, method for producing proofs in proof theory; Proof theory, a branch of mathematical logic that represents proofs as formal mathematical objects; Statistical proof, demonstration of degree of certainty for a hypothesis
Statistical hypothesis tests define a procedure that controls (fixes) the probability of incorrectly deciding that a default position (null hypothesis) is incorrect. The procedure is based on how likely it would be for a set of observations to occur if the null hypothesis were true.
A graphical representation of a partially built propositional tableau. In proof theory, the semantic tableau [1] (/ t æ ˈ b l oʊ, ˈ t æ b l oʊ /; plural: tableaux), also called an analytic tableau, [2] truth tree, [1] or simply tree, [2] is a decision procedure for sentential and related logics, and a proof procedure for formulae of first-order logic. [1]
In statistics, the closed testing procedure [1] is a general method for performing more than one hypothesis test simultaneously. The closed testing principle [ edit ]
Probability is used in mathematical statistics to study the sampling distributions of sample statistics and, more generally, the properties of statistical procedures. The use of any statistical method is valid when the system or population under consideration satisfies the assumptions of the method.