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In physics, the Ives–Stilwell experiment tested the contribution of relativistic time dilation to the Doppler shift of light. [1] [2] The result was in agreement with the formula for the transverse Doppler effect and was the first direct, quantitative confirmation of the time dilation factor. Since then many Ives–Stilwell type experiments ...
An experiment to test the theory of relativity cannot assume the theory is true, and therefore needs some other framework of assumptions that are wider than those of relativity. For example, a test theory may have a different postulate about light concerning one-way speed of light vs. two-way speed of light, it may have a preferred frame of ...
The transverse Doppler effect and consequently time dilation was directly observed for the first time in the Ives–Stilwell experiment (1938). In modern Ives-Stilwell experiments in heavy ion storage rings using saturated spectroscopy, the maximum measured deviation of time dilation from the relativistic prediction has been limited to ≤ 10 −8.
A much more precise experiment of this kind was conducted by David H. Frisch and Smith (1962) and documented by a film. [8] They measured approximately 563 muons per hour in six runs on Mount Washington at 1917m above sea-level. By measuring their kinetic energy, mean muon velocities between 0.995 c and 0.9954 c were determined.
Herbert Eugene Ives (July 31, 1882 – November 13, 1953) was a scientist and engineer who headed the development of facsimile and television systems at AT&T in the first half of the twentieth century. [1]
The difference that Ives and Stilwell measured corresponded, within experimental limits, to the effect predicted by special relativity. [ p 7 ] Various of the subsequent repetitions of the Ives and Stilwell experiment have adopted other strategies for measuring the mean of blueshifted and redshifted particle beam emissions.
The Ives–Stilwell experiment was carried out by Herbert Ives and G.R. Stilwell first in 1938 [22] and with better accuracy in 1941. [23] It was designed to test the transverse Doppler effect – the redshift of light from a moving source in a direction perpendicular to its velocity—which had been predicted by Einstein in 1905.
The first direct confirmation of time dilation was achieved by the Ives–Stilwell experiment. Combining the results of those three experiments, the complete Lorentz transformation can be derived. [2] Improved variants of the Kennedy–Thorndike experiment have been conducted using optical cavities or Lunar Laser Ranging.