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  2. Invertebrate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertebrate

    Invertebrates cells fire in response to similar stimuli as mammals, such as tissue trauma, high temperature, or changes in pH. The first invertebrate in which a neuron cell was identified was the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis. [14] [15] Learning and memory using nociceptors have been described in the sea hare, Aplysia.

  3. List of animal classes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_animal_classes

    The following is a list of the classes in each phylum of the kingdom Animalia.There are 107 classes of animals in 33 phyla in this list. However, different sources give different numbers of classes and phyla.

  4. Vertebrate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrate

    Vertebrates (/ ˈ v ɜːr t ə b r ɪ t s,-ˌ b r eɪ t s /) [3] are animals with a vertebral column (backbone or spine), and a cranium, or skull. The vertebral column surrounds and protects the spinal cord, while the cranium protects the brain. The vertebrates make up the subphylum Vertebrata with some 65,000 species, by far the largest ...

  5. Marine invertebrates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_invertebrates

    Marine invertebrates are invertebrate animals that live in marine habitats, and make up most of the macroscopic life in the oceans. It is a polyphyletic blanket term that contains all marine animals except the marine vertebrates , including the non- vertebrate members of the phylum Chordata such as lancelets , sea squirts and salps .

  6. Cell junction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_junction

    Due to the geometry of three-cell vertices, the sealing of the cells at these sites requires a specific junctional organization, different from those in bicellular junctions. In vertebrates, components tricellular junctions are tricellulin and lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptors. In invertebrates, the components are gliotactin and anakonda.

  7. Marine life - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_life

    Since 2016 there has been controversy over whether this animal was a vertebrate or an invertebrate. [318] [319] In 2020 researchers found "strong evidence" that the Tully monster was a vertebrate, and was a jawless fish in the lineage of the lamprey, [320] [321] while in 2023 other researchers found 3D fossils scans did not support those ...

  8. Body plan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_plan

    The vertebrates share one body plan, while invertebrates have many. This term, usually applied to animals, envisages a "blueprint" encompassing aspects such as symmetry, layers, segmentation, nerve, limb, and gut disposition. Evolutionary developmental biology seeks to explain the origins of diverse body plans.

  9. Invertebrate zoology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertebrate_zoology

    Invertebrate paleontology - the study of fossil invertebrates These divisions are sometimes further divided into more specific specialties. For example, within arachnology, acarology is the study of mites and ticks ; within entomology, lepidoptery is the study of butterflies and moths , myrmecology is the study of ants and so on.