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Vectors involved in the parallelogram law. In a normed space, the statement of the parallelogram law is an equation relating norms: ‖ ‖ + ‖ ‖ = ‖ + ‖ + ‖ ‖,.. The parallelogram law is equivalent to the seemingly weaker statement: ‖ ‖ + ‖ ‖ ‖ + ‖ + ‖ ‖, because the reverse inequality can be obtained from it by substituting (+) for , and () for , and then simplifying.
Many incomplete or incorrect attempts were made at proving this theorem in the 18th century, including by d'Alembert (1746), Euler (1749), de Foncenex (1759), Lagrange (1772), Laplace (1795), Wood (1798), and Gauss (1799). The first rigorous proof was published by Argand in 1806. Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions. In 1808 Legendre ...
An interactive proof session in CoqIDE, showing the proof script on the left and the proof state on the right. In computer science and mathematical logic, a proof assistant or interactive theorem prover is a software tool to assist with the development of formal proofs by human–machine collaboration.
Opposite sides of a parallelogram are parallel (by definition) and so will never intersect. The area of a parallelogram is twice the area of a triangle created by one of its diagonals. The area of a parallelogram is also equal to the magnitude of the vector cross product of two adjacent sides.
For example, we can prove by induction that all positive integers of the form 2n − 1 are odd. Let P ( n ) represent " 2 n − 1 is odd": (i) For n = 1 , 2 n − 1 = 2(1) − 1 = 1 , and 1 is odd, since it leaves a remainder of 1 when divided by 2 .
A parallelogram can tile the plane as a distorted square tiling while a hexagonal parallelogon can tile the plane as a distorted regular hexagonal tiling. Parallelogram tilings 1 length
The Varignon parallelogram is a rectangle if and only if the diagonals of the quadrilateral are perpendicular, that is, if the quadrilateral is an orthodiagonal quadrilateral. [6]: p. 14 [7]: p. 169 For a self-crossing quadrilateral, the Varignon parallelogram can degenerate to four collinear points, forming a line segment traversed twice.
Computer-assisted proofs are the subject of some controversy in the mathematical world, with Thomas Tymoczko first to articulate objections. Those who adhere to Tymoczko's arguments believe that lengthy computer-assisted proofs are not, in some sense, 'real' mathematical proofs because they involve so many logical steps that they are not practically verifiable by human beings, and that ...