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Glass fibers have been produced for centuries, but the earliest patent was awarded to the Prussian inventor Hermann Hammesfahr (1845–1914) in the U.S. in 1880. [3] [4]Mass production of glass strands was accidentally discovered in 1932 when Games Slayter, a researcher at Owens-Illinois, directed a jet of compressed air at a stream of molten glass and produced fibers.
Soda–lime glass (for containers) [2] Borosilicate (low expansion, similar to Pyrex, Duran) Glass wool (for thermal insulation) Special optical glass (similar to Lead crystal) Fused silica Germania glass Germanium selenide glass Chemical composition, wt% 74 SiO 2, 13 Na 2 O, 10.5 CaO, 1.3 Al 2 O 3, 0.3 K 2 O, 0.2 SO 3, 0.2 MgO, 0.01 TiO 2, 0. ...
Glass fiber, when used as a thermal insulating material, is specially manufactured with a bonding agent to trap many small air cells, resulting in the characteristically air-filled low-density "glass wool" family of products. Glass fiber has roughly comparable mechanical properties to other fibers such as polymers and carbon fiber. Although not ...
— "Values ranging from 21.3 to 21.5 gm/cm 3 at 20 °C have been reported for the density of annealed platinum; the best value being about 21.45 gm/cm 3 at 20 °C." 21.46 g/cm 3 — Rose, T. Kirke. The Precious Metals, Comprising Gold, Silver and Platinum .
The SI unit for specific strength is Pa⋅m 3 /kg, or N⋅m/kg, which is dimensionally equivalent to m 2 /s 2, though the latter form is rarely used. Specific strength has the same units as specific energy , and is related to the maximum specific energy of rotation that an object can have without flying apart due to centrifugal force .
The calculation of glass properties allows "fine-tuning" of desired material characteristics, e.g., the refractive index. [1]The calculation of glass properties (glass modeling) is used to predict glass properties of interest or glass behavior under certain conditions (e.g., during production) without experimental investigation, based on past data and experience, with the intention to save ...
The contribution of the muscle to the specific heat of the body is approximately 47%, and the contribution of the fat and skin is approximately 24%. The specific heat of tissues range from ~0.7 kJ · kg−1 · °C−1 for tooth (enamel) to 4.2 kJ · kg−1 · °C−1 for eye (sclera). [13]
Young's modulus per density; specific stiffness (10 6 m 2 s −2) Young's modulus per density squared (10 3 m 5 kg −1 s −2) Young's modulus per density cubed (m 8 kg −2 s −2) Reference Latex foam, low density, 10% compression [4] 5.9 × 10 ^ −7: 0.06: 9.83 × 10 ^ −6: 0.000164: 0.00273: Reversible Assembled Cellular Composite ...