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The World Health Organization (WHO) published the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist in 2008 in order to increase the safety of patients undergoing surgery. [1] The checklist serves to remind the surgical team of important items to be performed before and after the surgical procedure in order to reduce adverse events such as surgical site infections or retained instruments. [1]
Plates vi & vii of the Edwin Smith Papyrus (around the 17th century BC), among the earliest medical guidelines. A medical guideline (also called a clinical guideline, standard treatment guideline, or clinical practice guideline) is a document with the aim of guiding decisions and criteria regarding diagnosis, management, and treatment in specific areas of healthcare.
The hospital has more than 80 surgeons, operates with the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist, and its Theatre Officers Committee, made up of 12 surgeons, representing various surgical specialties, two anaesthetists, four nursing staff and the Chief Executive, meet quarterly. [5]
The Department of Health and the Scottish Government require NHS Trusts and health boards to participate. [6] It is commissioned by the Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership on behalf of NHS England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales and the Channel Islands to undertake the Medical & Surgical Clinical Outcome Review Programme. [7]
Patient safety factors were suggested to play an important role, with use of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist associated with reduced mortality at 30 days. Mortality directly related to anesthetic management is less common, and may include such causes as pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents, [19] asphyxiation [20] and anaphylaxis. [21]
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) is the Federal authority for patient safety and quality of care and has been a leader in pediatric quality and safety. AHRQ has developed Pediatric Quality Indicators (PedQIs) with the goal to highlight areas of quality concern and to target areas for further analysis. [ 122 ]
In April 2016, the patient safety function was transferred from NHS England to the newly established NHS Improvement. [6] From 1 April 2019, NHS England and NHS Improvement are working together as a new single organisation to better support the NHS to deliver improved care for patients. [7]
An example is the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist developed for the World Health Organization and found to have a large effect on improving patient safety. [11] According to a meta-analysis after introduction of the checklist mortality dropped by 23% and all complications by 40%, but higher-quality studies are required to make the meta-analysis ...