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The amniotic fluid is the protective liquid contained by the amniotic sac of a gravid amniote. This fluid serves as a cushion for the growing fetus, but also serves to facilitate the exchange of nutrients, water, and biochemical products between mother and fetus. For humans, the amniotic fluid is commonly called water or waters (Latin liquor ...
AFI is the score (expressed in centimetres) given to the amount of amniotic fluid seen on ultrasonography of a pregnant uterus. To determine the AFI, doctors may use a four-quadrant technique, [ 2 ] when the deepest, unobstructed, vertical length of each pocket of fluid is measured in each quadrant and then added up to the others, [ 3 ] or the ...
Amniotic fluid embolism, a condition in which amniotic fluid or other fetal debris enters the maternal circulation, is an extremely rare and catastrophic complication of amniocentesis. [1] Amniotic fluid embolism can result in cardiovascular collapse and has a poor maternal prognosis. [43]
Often referred to as the "water" which surrounds an unborn baby, amniotic fluid plays a vital role in fetal development. Often referred to as the "water" which surrounds an unborn baby, amniotic ...
The lecithin–sphingomyelin ratio is a marker of fetal lung maturity. The outward flow of pulmonary secretions from the fetal lungs into the amniotic fluid maintains the level of lecithin and sphingomyelin equally until 32–33 weeks gestation, when the lecithin concentration begins to increase significantly while sphingomyelin remains nearly the same.
This can be done once enough amniotic fluid has developed to sample. Cells from the fetus will be floating in this fluid, and can be separated and tested. Miscarriage risk of amniocentesis is commonly quoted as 0.06% (1:1600). [69] By amniocentesis it is also possible to cryopreserve amniotic stem cells. [70] [71] [72] After 15 weeks More invasive
The presence of these biophysical variables implies absence of significant central nervous system hypoxemia/acidemia at the time of testing. By comparison, a compromised fetus typically exhibits loss of accelerations of the fetal heart rate (FHR), decreased body movement and breathing, hypotonia, and, less acutely, decreased amniotic fluid volume.
Abnormally elevated AFP in amniotic fluid can have one or more of many different causes: [citation needed] normal elevation. 75% of AF AFP test results in the range 2.0 to 4.9 MoM are false positives: the baby is normal. open neural tube defect; open abdominal wall defect; congenital nephrosis; others