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The Pacinian corpuscle (also lamellar corpuscle, or Vater-Pacini corpuscle) [1] is a low-threshold mechanoreceptor responsive to vibration or pressure, found in the skin and other internal organs. [2] In the skin it is one of the four main types of cutaneous receptors.
Tactile corpuscles or Meissner's corpuscles are a type of mechanoreceptor discovered by anatomist Georg Meissner (1829–1905) and Rudolf Wagner. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This corpuscle is a type of nerve ending in the skin that is responsible for sensitivity to pressure .
With improved histological techniques, a second touch receptor type, Merkel cell-neurite complexes, was found in the stratum germinativum at the bottom of the epidermis, and a third, lamellated corpuscles of Vater and Pacini, was discovered in the stratum papillare of the dermis underneath the Merkel cells as published by Halata in 1975.
Merkel cell. Merkel cells are found in the skin and some parts of the mucosa of all vertebrates. In mammalian skin, they are clear cells found in the stratum basale [2] [3] (at the bottom of sweat duct ridges) of the epidermis approximately 10 μm in diameter.
Red arrows indicate secreted lamellar bodies, and green arrows indicate lamellar bodies in the cytoplasm. Scale bar = 200 nm. In cell biology, lamellar bodies (otherwise known as lamellar granules, membrane-coating granules (MCGs), keratinosomes or Odland bodies) are secretory organelles found in type II alveolar cells in the lungs, and in keratinocytes in the skin.
The Merkel cell's somewhat rigid structure, and the fact that they are not encapsulated, [clarification needed] causes them respond to a sustained adequate mechanical stimulus with sustained "firing" of action potentials (or spikes): they are slowly adapting (contrast with the rapidly adapting Pacinian and Meissner's corpuscles). [citation needed]
The dorsal column–medial lemniscus pathway (DCML) (also known as the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway (PCML) is the major sensory pathway of the central nervous system that conveys sensations of fine touch, vibration, two-point discrimination, and proprioception (body position) from the skin and joints.
A live-cell microscope. Live-cell microscopes are generally inverted. To keep cells alive during observation, the microscopes are commonly enclosed in a micro cell incubator (the transparent box). Live-cell imaging is the study of living cells using time-lapse microscopy.