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PCI Express 3.0 upgraded the encoding scheme to 128b/130b from the previous 8b/10b encoding, reducing the bandwidth overhead from 20% of PCI Express 2.0 to approximately 1.54% (= 2/130). PCI Express 3.0's 8 GT/s bit rate effectively delivers 985 MB/s per lane, nearly doubling the lane bandwidth relative to PCI Express 2.0. [57]
PCI Express 5.0 (×16 link) [40] 512 Gbit/s: 63.02 GB/s: 2019 NVLink 1.0: 640 Gbit/s: 80 GB/s: 2016 PCI Express 6.0 (×16 link) [41] 968 Gbit/s: 121 GB/s: 2022 CXL Specification 3.0 & 3.1 (×16 link) 968 Gbit/s: 121 GB/s: 2022, 2023 NVLink 2.0: 1.2 Tbit/s: 150 GB/s: 2017 PCI Express 7.0 (×16 link) 1.936 Tbit/s: 242 GB/s: 2025 Infinity Fabric ...
USB4 has, from the start, referenced the PCI Express Specification Revision 4 and with USB4 Version 2.0 added references to PCI Express Specification Revision 5.0. PCIe tunneling has had a significant limitation in USB4 Version 1.0 and also Thunderbolt 3: PCIe Express has a variable maximum payload size, which applies end-to-end to a transmission.
DMI 1.0, introduced in 2004 with a data transfer rate of 1 GB/s with a ×4 link.. DMI 2.0, introduced in 2011, doubles the data transfer rate to 2 GB/s with a ×4 link.It is used to link an Intel CPU with the Intel Platform Controller Hub (PCH), which supersedes the historic implementation of a separate northbridge and southbridge.
On August 2, 2022, the CXL Specification 3.0 was released, based on PCIe 6.0 physical interface and PAM-4 coding with double the bandwidth; new features include fabrics capabilities with multi-level switching and multiple device types per port, and enhanced coherency with peer-to-peer DMA and memory sharing. [25] [26]
Mobile PCI Express Module (MXM) is an interconnect standard for GPUs (MXM Graphics Modules) in laptops using PCI Express created by MXM-SIG. The goal was to create a non-proprietary, industry standard socket, so one could easily upgrade the graphics processor in a laptop, without having to buy a whole new system or relying on proprietary vendor upgrades.
CFexpress Type B: XQD form factor (38.5 mm × 29.8 mm × 3.8 mm), PCIe 3.0 x2 (1.97 GB/s), NVMe 2.0 2019 ? CFexpress Type A: 20 mm × 28 mm × 2.8 mm, PCIe 3.0 x1 (1.0 GB/s), NVMe [citation needed] CFexpress Type C: 54 mm × 74 mm × 4.8 mm, PCIe 3.0 x4 (4.0 GB/s), NVMe [citation needed] – – – – PCIe 3.0 x8 (8.0 GB/s), NVMe MultiMediaCard
NVLink is a wire-based serial multi-lane near-range communications link developed by Nvidia.Unlike PCI Express, a device can consist of multiple NVLinks, and devices use mesh networking to communicate instead of a central hub.