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Illustration of reincarnation in Hindu art In Jainism, a soul travels to any one of the four states of existence after death depending on its karmas.. Reincarnation, also known as rebirth or transmigration, is the philosophical or religious concept that the non-physical essence of a living being begins a new lifespan in a different physical form or body after biological death.
Saṃsāra (transmigration)(Sanskrit: संसार, IAST: saṃsāra) in Jain philosophy, refers to the worldly life characterized by continuous rebirths and reincarnations in various realms of existence.
Jains believe that karma is a physical substance that is everywhere in the universe. Karma particles are attracted to the soul by the actions of that soul. Karma particles are attracted when we do, think, or say things, when we kill something, when we lie, when we steal and so on.
Jainism does not believe in an intermediate state like some schools of Buddhism, instead the souls is seen as "leaping like a monkey" in a sheath of subtle karmas from the dead body to a new body. [105] Karma is believed to obscure and obstruct the innate nature and striving of the soul, as well as its spiritual potential in the next rebirth. [106]
The karmic process in Jainism is based on seven truths or fundamental principles of Jainism which explain the human predicament. [1] Out of those, four—influx , bondage (bandha), stoppage and release —pertain to the karmic process. [1] Karma gets bound to the soul on account of two processes:
These souls are in heavens for a fixed lifespan and even they have to undergo reincarnation as humans to achieve moksha. Thus, there are infinite gods in Jainism, all equivalent, liberated, and infinite in the manifestation of all attributes. The Self and karmas are separate substances in Jainism, the former living and the latter non-living.
Classification of Saṃsāri Jīvas (Transmigrating Souls) in Jainism.According to Sacred Jain text, Sarvārthasiddhi: "Immobile beings (sthāvara jīvās) possess the four vitalities of the sense-organ of touch, strength of body or energy, respiration and life-duration. [4] There are five classes of beings: One-sensed beings (Ekendriya Jiva) have:
That is why Jainism stresses pure thinking and moral behavior. Apart from Buddhism, perhaps Jainism is the only religion that does not invoke the fear of God as a reason for moral behavior. The karmic theory in Jainism operates endogenously. Tirthankaras are not attributed "absolute godhood" under Jainism.