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Artificial cranial deformation or modification, head flattening, or head binding is a form of body alteration in which the skull of a human being is deformed intentionally. It is done by distorting the normal growth of a child's skull by applying pressure.
The incidence of metopic synostosis is roughly between 1:700 and 1:15,000 newborns globally (differs per country). [11] [55] Trigonocephaly is seen more in males than females ranging from 2:1 to 6.5:1. [37] [56] [27] [28] Hereditary relations in metopic synostosis have been found of which 5.5% were well defined syndromic. [11]
[10] [11] The resulting shape appears triangular from above. [12] Like many medical terms, 'trigonocephaly' is derived from Greek, and indicates the head in question is triangular in shape. A facial feature of metopic synostosis is hypotelorism; in the frontal view, it can be seen that the width between the eyes is smaller than usual. [11]
Only a comparatively small part of the head at term is represented by the face. The rest of the head is composed of the firm skull, which is made up of two frontal, two parietal, and two temporal bones, along with the upper portion of the occipital bone and the wings of the sphenoid. These bones are separated by membranous spaces, or sutures.
In obstetrics, a cephalic presentation or head presentation or head-first presentation is a situation at childbirth where the fetus is in a longitudinal lie and the head enters the pelvis first; the most common form of cephalic presentation is the vertex presentation, where the occiput is the leading part (the part that first enters the birth canal). [1]
Complications the baby may face include cephalohematomas, hyperbilirubinemia, and intracranial hemorrhages. [ 17 ] [ 16 ] Asynclitic birth can also increase the risk of birth injuries such as brachial plexus injury , in which the nerves responsible for sending signals to the baby's arm are damaged, resulting in temporary or permanent numbness ...
The face and neck development of the human embryo refers to the development of the structures from the third to eighth week that give rise to the future head and neck.They consist of three layers, the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, which form the mesenchyme (derived form the lateral plate mesoderm and paraxial mesoderm), neural crest and neural placodes (from the ectoderm). [1]
Dysmorphology is the discipline of using dysmorphic features in the diagnostic workup and delineation of syndromic disorders. In the recent years advances in computer vision have also resulted in several deep learning approaches that assist geneticists in the study of the facial gestalt.