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A new chapter in the history of Lisbon was written with the social revolution of the 1383–1385 Crisis. This was a time of civil war in Portugal when no crowned king reigned. It began when King Ferdinand I of Portugal died without male heirs, and his kingdom ostensibly passed to the King of Castile, John I of Castile. [134]
The Moorish Castle in the fog, overlooking the historic town of Sintra. During the second half of the 12th century, the chapel constructed within the walls of the castle became the parish seat. [2] This was followed by the remodelling and construction under the initiative of King Sancho I of Portugal. [2]
The walls of Lisbon are a series of three nested defensive stone-wall complexes built at different times to defend Lisbon.They consist of the São Jorge Castle proper and its walls (the Cidadela or Citadel) the Cerca Moura (or Cerca Velha) (lit. the Moorish Walls), its lateral extension the Muralha de D. Dinis (King Denis's wall), and the Cerca Fernandina (Ferdinand's wall).
The Sintra Moorish Castle near Lisbon, has also kept some remains of walls and a cistern from that time. Part of the Moorish city walls have been preserved in Lisbon (the so-called Cerca Velha) and Évora, and Moorish city gates with a characteristic horseshoe-arched profile can be found in Faro and Elvas. Mosques
Church of San Juan: former site of the city's Great Mosque, with an Almohad-era mihrab still preserved [2] [3] [4]: 92–93 Antequera. Alcazaba; Árchez. Church of Nuestra Señora de la Encarnación: Nasrid minaret at the Mudéjar-style [5] [6] [4]: 112, 212 Badajoz. Alcazaba; Baños de la Encina. Burgalimar Castle: Umayyad-era castle built in ...
The term "Moorish" or "neo-Moorish" sometimes also covered an appropriation of motifs from a wider range of Islamic architecture. [ 19 ] [ 89 ] This style was a recurring choice for Jewish synagogue architecture of the era, where it was seen as an appropriate way to mark Judaism's non-European origins.
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The most ancient Portuguese paintings are in illuminated manuscripts. [3] The Apocalypse of Lorvão (one of the ten most important artistic works in Portugal according to the Europeana project), completed in 1189 in the scriptorium of the Lorvão monastery, near Coimbra, is the only manuscript of the Beatus of Liébana produced in Portugal during the Middle Ages.