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ITER (initially the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, iter meaning "the way" or "the path" in Latin [2] [3] [4]) is an international nuclear fusion research and engineering megaproject aimed at creating energy through a fusion process similar to that of the Sun. It is being built next to the Cadarache facility in southern France.
To deliver power to the fusion plasma in ITER, two heating neutral beam injectors will be installed. They are designed to provide the power of 17 MW each, through the 23 m beamlines, up to the four-meter diameter container: in order to deposit sufficient heating power in the plasma core instead of the plasma edges, the beam particle energy shall be about 1 MeV, thus increasing the neutral beam ...
ITER: France: 2013: In progress: 2025 (proj.) Up to €65 billion (est.) International effort to build the world's largest nuclear fusion reactor. Large Hadron Collider: Switzerland, France: Constuction Started 1997, Operational Since September 10, 2008: Construction Ended 2007, Still in Operation ~ $4.75 Billion: 13 TeV CERN particle accelerator.
The United States drops its own ITER-scale tokamak project, FIRE, recognising an inability to match EU progress. [37] 2005. In August, the first proton-boron fusion via inertial confinement is reported. [38] Following final negotiations between the EU and Japan, ITER chooses Cadarache over Rokkasho for the site of the reactor. In concession ...
From 1996 to 1998 a series of upgrades were made to the reactor, in order to conduct preliminary research for the design work on the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor or ITER. One of the upgrades converted the tokamak to a D-shape divertor design with a major plasma radius of 1.5 m. ITER will also use superconducting magnets.
Several milestones of the project has already been finished, but the finishing date for First Plasma has been discussed and postponed many times with various conclusions. In late 2016, the ITER council agreed on an updated project schedule, with a planned First Plasma opening by 2025, nine years after the originally anticipated opening. [88] [89]
[8] [9] However, the ITER experience suggests that development of a multi-billion US dollar tokamak-based technology innovation cycle able to develop fusion power stations that can compete with non-fusion energy technologies is likely to encounter the "valley of death" problem in venture capital, i.e., insufficient investment to go beyond ...
Based on the tokamak reactor design, the ITER is intended to sustain fusion mostly by internal fusion heating and yield in its plasma a ten-fold return on power. [12] Construction is expected to be completed in 2025. [citation needed] Experts believe that achieving fusion ignition is the first step towards electricity generation using fusion ...