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Figure–ground organization is a type of perceptual grouping that is a vital necessity for recognizing objects through vision. In Gestalt psychology it is known as identifying a figure from the background. For example, black words on a printed paper are seen as the "figure", and the white sheet as the "background". [1]
Figure and ground is a concept drawn from Gestalt psychology by media theorist Marshall McLuhan in the early 1970s. This concept underpins the meaning of his famous phrase, " The medium is the message ".
Like figure-ground organization, perceptual grouping (sometimes called perceptual segregation) [31] is a form of perceptual organization. [16] Perceptual grouping is the process that determines how organisms perceive some parts of their perceptual fields as being more related than others, [16] using such information for object detection. [31]
Figure and ground (media), a concept developed by media theorist Marshall McLuhan; Figure–ground (perception), referring to humans' ability to separate foreground from background in visual images. Figure-ground perception is one of the main issues in gestalt psychology. Figure-ground in map design, the ability to easily discriminate the main ...
Figure-ground contrast, in the context of map design, is a property of a map in which the map image can be partitioned into a single feature or type of feature that is considered as an object of attention (the figure), with the remainder of the map being relegated to the background, outside the current focus of attention. [1]
The principles of grouping (or Gestalt laws of grouping) are a set of principles in psychology, first proposed by Gestalt psychologists to account for the observation that humans naturally perceive objects as organized patterns and objects, a principle known as Prägnanz.
Gestalt organization can be used to explain many illusions including the rabbit–duck illusion where the image as a whole switches back and forth from being a duck then being a rabbit and why in the figure–ground illusion the figure and ground are reversible. [citation needed] Kanizsa's triangle
A version of Rubin's vase. The Rubin vase (sometimes known as Rubin's vase, the Rubin face or the figure–ground vase) is a famous example of ambiguous or bi-stable (i.e., reversing) two-dimensional forms developed around 1915 by the Danish psychologist Edgar Rubin.