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An electronic bill of lading (or eB/L) is the legal and functional equivalent of a paper bill of lading. [27] An electronic bill of lading must replicate the core functions of a paper bill of lading, [28] namely its functions as a receipt, as evidence of or containing the contract of carriage and as a document of title. [citation needed]
A controversial provision exempts the carrier from liability for "neglect or default of the master ... in the navigation or in the management of the ship". This provision is considered unfair to the shipper; and both the later Hamburg Rules (which require contracting states to denounce the Hague–Visby Rules) and Rotterdam Rules (which are not ...
In some cases, a single document may serve both purposes. In general, a bill of lading serves as a legal instrument focusing on and documenting such issues as ownership, whereas a cargo manifest is often more concerned with physical aspects of the cargo, such as weight and size. When the cargo is being shipped by several different shipping ...
Consignees (or indeed any lawful holder of the bill of lading) [6] who wishes to make a cargo claim because their goods are substandard or have been lost or damaged at sea, typically have four options: They may sue the seller, the shipper, or the carrier; or they may claim from their own insurance policy.
The Hague Rules of 1924 (formally the "International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading, and Protocol of Signature") [1] is an international convention to impose minimum standards upon commercial carriers of goods by sea.
Whereas a charterparty is the contract between a shipowner and a charterer, a contract of carriage lies between the shipper and the carrier. A carrier will issue a shipper with a bill of lading, a receipt for cargo shipped which also serves as evidence of the contract of carriage. (In a demise charter, the charterer is the carrier; in a time or ...
The Standard Carrier Alpha Code, a two-to-four letter identification, is used by the transportation industry to identify freight carriers in computer systems and shipping documents such as Bill of Lading, Freight Bill, Packing List, and Purchase Order.
An air waybill (AWB), also known as an air consignment note, is a type of bill of lading. By accepting a shipment, an IATA cargo agent is acting on behalf of the carrier whose air waybill is issued. Air waybills have eleven digit numbers, called AWB numbers, which can be used to make bookings, check the status of delivery, and a current ...