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In the artificial environment of the aquarium, the nitrogen cycle effectively ends with the production of nitrates. In order that the nitrate level does not build up to a harmful level regular partial water changes are required to remove the nitrates and introduce new, uncontaminated water. [8]
BBA may occur in both saltwater and freshwater aquaria. [16] Red spot algae may form a tenacious reddish-brown splotch or film on aquarium glass or plant leaves. It grows quickly and may be a symptom of high nitrates or iron. [17] These encrusting red algae may be referred to as a member of the genus Hildenbrandia. It is not especially common. [18]
Requires brackish aquarium conditions with very low Nitrite and Nitrate levels to be kept successfully. Freshwater compromises immune system, harms puffer, and shortens life extremely. Commonly kept in freshwater. Green spotted puffer Tetraodon nigroviridis: 6" Often sold as freshwater fish, but this species actually thrives in brackish water.
In freshwater or estuarine systems close to land, nitrate can reach concentrations that are lethal to fish. While nitrate is much less toxic than ammonia, [20] levels over 30 ppm of nitrate can inhibit growth, impair the immune system and cause stress in some aquatic species. [21] Nitrate toxicity remains a subject of debate. [22]
Neon tetras are considered easy to keep in an aquarium of at least 10 US gallons (38 L; 8.3 imp gal) with a temperature range of between 72–76 °F (22–24 °C), a water pH of between 6.0 and 7.0, GH of below 10 dGH and KH of 1–2 dKH, and under 20 ppm of nitrate.
A history of the tank, such as filter changes, power outages, excessive feeding, or the addition of microbicidal or antibiotic agents to aquarium can aid in diagnosis. An ammonia test is the most sure way of diagnosing ammonia poisoning. Ammonia affects fish metabolism and their ability to absorb oxygen through their gills.
Nitrate levels peak later in the startup phase as the system completes nitrogen cycles and maintains a healthy biofilter and these bacteria grow into a mature colony. [37] with nitrate levels peaking later in the startup phase. [citation needed] In the nitrification process ammonia is oxidized into nitrite, which releases hydrogen ions into the ...
The processed ammonia is converted to nitrite, which is then processed to nitrate. Weekly water changes (25% of aquarium volume), while vacuuming debris from the bottom of the tank, can solve this problem of nitrate build-up, provided the tank is not overcrowded. Build-up of algae is largely related to light level and mineral imbalance.