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In the artificial environment of the aquarium, the nitrogen cycle effectively ends with the production of nitrates. In order that the nitrate level does not build up to a harmful level regular partial water changes are required to remove the nitrates and introduce new, uncontaminated water. [8]
High levels of nitrite are also indicative of biofilter impending failure. Nitrate is the end-product of nitrification, and is the least toxic of the nitrogen compounds, with 96-hour exposure LC 50 values in freshwater in excess of 1,000 mg/L. [6]
Requires brackish aquarium conditions with very low Nitrite and Nitrate levels to be kept successfully. Freshwater compromises immune system, harms puffer, and shortens life extremely. Commonly kept in freshwater. Green spotted puffer Tetraodon nigroviridis: 6" Often sold as freshwater fish, but this species actually thrives in brackish water.
In freshwater or estuarine systems close to land, nitrate can reach concentrations that are lethal to fish. While nitrate is much less toxic than ammonia, [26] levels over 30 ppm of nitrate can inhibit growth, impair the immune system and cause stress in some aquatic species. [27] Nitrate toxicity remains a subject of debate. [28]
Neon tetras are considered easy to keep in an aquarium of at least 10 US gallons (38 L; 8.3 imp gal) with a temperature range of between 72–76 °F (22–24 °C), a water pH of between 6.0 and 7.0, GH of below 10 dGH and KH of 1–2 dKH, and under 20 ppm of nitrate.
Nitrate levels peak later in the startup phase as the system completes nitrogen cycles and maintains a healthy biofilter and these bacteria grow into a mature colony. [37] with nitrate levels peaking later in the startup phase. [citation needed] In the nitrification process ammonia is oxidized into nitrite, which releases hydrogen ions into the ...
Freshwater environmental quality parameters are those chemical, physical and biological parameters that can be used to characterise a freshwater body. Because almost all water bodies are dynamic in their composition, the relevant quality parameters are typically expressed as a range of expected concentrations.
An aquarium may have freshwater (salinity below 500 parts per million), simulating a lake or river environment; brackish water (a salt level of 500 to 30,000 PPM), simulating environments lying between fresh and salt, such as estuaries; and salt water or seawater (a salt level of 30,000 to 40,000 PPM), simulating an ocean environment. Rarely ...