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Epistasis is a phenomenon in genetics in which the effect of a gene mutation is dependent on the presence or absence of mutations in one or more other genes, respectively termed modifier genes. In other words, the effect of the mutation is dependent on the genetic background in which it appears. [ 2 ]
Fitness epistasis (an interaction between non-allelic genes) is positive (in other words, diminishing, antagonistic or buffering) when a loss of function mutation of two given genes results in exceeding the fitness predicted from individual effects of deleterious mutations, and it is negative (that is, reinforcing, synergistic or aggravating ...
A hypostatic gene is one whose phenotype is altered by the expression of an allele at a separate locus, in an epistasis event. [1]Example: In labrador retrievers, the chocolate coat colour is a result of homozygosity for a gene that is epistatic to the "black vs. brown" gene.
The recognized colours are due to two genes, while a third gene affects the range of colouration observed within the yellow Labrador. These individual genes do not act independently of each other, and their interaction in affecting the trait of coat colour is used by biology textbooks to demonstrate the genetic principle of epistasis , where ...
In terms of genetics, evolvability is the ability of a genetic system to produce and maintain potentially adaptive genetic variants. There are several aspects of genetic architecture that contribute strongly to the evolvability of a system, including autonomy, mutability, coordination, epistasis, pleiotropy, polygeny, and robustness. [1] [2]
This allele is epistatic over some other coat color genes. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] A heterozygous cat with kittens from an orange tomcat: 50 % are orange, 50 % can produce eumelanin . Here the segregation of her two alleles, one dominant for the ability to produce eumelanin, one recessive for orange, was crucial for the colour of the kittens.
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Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, ... This interaction between genes is called epistasis, with the second gene epistatic to the first. [51]