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Exterior insulation and finish system (EIFS) is a general class of non-load bearing building cladding systems that provides exterior walls with an insulated, water-resistant, finished surface in an integrated composite material system. EIFS has been in use since the 1960s in North America and was first used on masonry buildings.
The term "International Style" was first used in 1932 by the historian Henry-Russell Hitchcock and architect Philip Johnson to describe a movement among European architects in the 1920s that was distinguished by three key design principles: (1) "Architecture as volume – thin planes or surfaces create the building’s form, as opposed to a solid mass"; (2) "Regularity in the facade, as ...
The spandrel plates, typically 52 inches (1.3 m) deep, were welded to the exterior columns to create the modular pieces off-site at the fabrication shop. [ 106 ] [ 107 ] Each of the modular pieces typically weighed 22 tons and was 10 feet (3.0 m) wide and 24 to 36 feet (7.3 to 11.0 m) tall, spanning two or three floors. [ 108 ]
At the time the pair launched The Modern House, the pair were both editors on magazines; Gibberd was a senior editor at World of Interiors and Hill was the design editor of Wallpaper*. [2] The idea for the estate agent arose when Hill interviewed Martie Lieberman, an estate agent of Modern houses designed by Paul Rudolph in Sarasota in Florida. [3]
The design is asymmetrical; each side is different. In 1943 he was commissioned by the art collector Solomon R. Guggenheim to design a museum for his collection of modern art. His design was entirely original; a bowl-shaped building with a spiral ramp inside that led museum visitors on an upward tour of the art of the 20th century.
The facade is made of anodized aluminum and black glass. [85] [153] Alcoa manufactured 4 million pounds (1.8 kt) of aluminum sheeting for the building's facade. [157] Black bands appear on the tower around the 29th–32nd, 64th–65th, 88th–89th, and 104th–108th floors.
Hardwick Hall in Derbyshire is an architecturally significant country house from the Elizabethan era, a leading example of the Elizabethan prodigy house. Built between 1590 and 1597 for Bess of Hardwick , it was designed by the architect Robert Smythson , an exponent of the Renaissance style .
Designed by the Beaux-Arts architect Horace Trumbauer between 1916 and 1921, Whitemarsh Hall included six stories (three of which were partly or fully underground). There were 147 rooms across 100,000 square feet (9,300 m 2), which included 45 bathrooms, in addition to specialty rooms such as a ballroom, gymnasium, movie theatre, and a refrigerating plant.