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Speech–language pathology (a.k.a. speech and language pathology or logopedics) is a healthcare and academic discipline concerning the evaluation, treatment, and prevention of communication disorders, including expressive and mixed receptive-expressive language disorders, voice disorders, speech sound disorders, speech disfluency, pragmatic language impairments, and social communication ...
A disfluence or nonfluence is a non-pathological hesitance when speaking, the use of fillers (“like” or “uh”), or the repetition of a word or phrase. This needs to be distinguished from a fluency disorder like stuttering with an interruption of fluency of speech, accompanied by "excessive tension, speaking avoidance, struggle behaviors, and secondary mannerism".
The Goethe-Institut New York is an organization that is located at 30 Irving Place in Manhattan, New York City. [1] The organization is part of the worldwide Goethe-Institut non-profit association. It fosters cultural cooperation and promotes German language learning by offering the public opportunities to interact with themes and questions ...
Spectrogram of [ɪ] Sagittal section of a vocal tract pronouncing the IPA sound Ɪ .Note that a wavy glottis in this diagram indicates a voiced sound.. The near-close near-front unrounded vowel, or near-high near-front unrounded vowel, [1] is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages.
The novel transcription ɹ̈ is used for an English molar-r, as opposed to ɹ̺ for an apical r; these articulations are indistinguishable in sound and so are rarely identified in non-disordered speech. Sounds restricted to disordered speech include velopharyngeals, nasal fricatives (a.k.a. nareal fricatives) and some of the percussive consonants.
It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standard written representation for the sounds of speech. [1] The IPA is used by lexicographers, foreign language students and teachers, linguists, speech–language pathologists, singers, actors, constructed language creators, and translators. [2] [3]
y represents the sounds /y/ or /ʏ/ (sometimes long) in the Scandinavian languages. In Danish and Swedish, its use as a semivowel is limited to loanwords, whereas in Norwegian, it appears as a semivowel in native words such as høyre /²hœʏ̯.rə/. Dutch sign written with UITRIT VRIJLATEN, "keep exit clear".
A pair of words like kátur and gátur (above) that differ only in one phone is called a minimal pair for the two alternative phones in question (in this case, [kʰ] and [k]). The existence of minimal pairs is a common test to decide whether two phones represent different phonemes or are allophones of the same phoneme.