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The basal ganglia is a collective group of structures in the brain. These include the striatum, (composed of the putamen and caudate nucleus), globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and the subthalamic nucleus. Along with other structures, the basal ganglia are part of a neural circuit that is integral to voluntary motor function. [1]
BTRBGD, [1] Biotin-responsive basal ganglia disease (BBGD), [2] Thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome 2 (biotin or thiamine-responsive type) (THMD2), [3] Thiamine-responsive encephalopathy, Thiamine transporter-2 deficiency [4] Specialty: Neurometabolic disorders, neurology, internal medicine: Symptoms
Post-COVID-19 syndrome (long COVID) may be a post-acute form of IDAE. [2] [3] The hippocampus and associated processes like memory may be especially vulnerable in IDAE. [1] Neurological and cognitive deficits associated with IDAE can persist for many years after the initial infection has been cleared or may be irreversible. [1] [4] IDAE may be ...
Basal ganglia disease is a group of movement disorders that result from either excessive output from the basal ganglia to the thalamus – hypokinetic disorders, or from insufficient output – hyperkinetic disorders. Hypokinetic disorders arise from an excessive output from the basal ganglia, which inhibits the output from the thalamus to the ...
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation is a heterogenous group of inherited neurodegenerative diseases, still under research, in which iron accumulates in the basal ganglia, either resulting in progressive dystonia, parkinsonism, spasticity, optic atrophy, retinal degeneration, neuropsychiatric, or diverse neurologic abnormalities. [1]
The coronavirus can damage the heart, according to a major new study which found abnormalities in the heart function of more than half of patients. The coronavirus can damage the heart, according ...
Another model proposes the basal ganglia acts as a selection mechanism, where actions are generated in the cortex and are selected based on context by the basal ganglia. [13] The CBGTC loop is also involved in reward discounting, with firing increasing with an unexpected or greater than expected reward. [ 2 ]
Loss of the sense of taste or smell are among the earliest and most common symptoms of COVID-19. Roughly 81% of patients with clinical COVID-19 experience disorders of smell (46% anosmia, 29% hyposmia, and 6% dysosmia). [1] Disorders of taste occur in 94% of patients (ageusia 45%, hypogeusia 23%, and dysgeusia 26%).