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Trigeminal neuralgia (TN or TGN), also called Fothergill disease, tic douloureux, trifacial neuralgia, or suicide disease, is a long-term pain disorder that affects the trigeminal nerve, [7] [1] the nerve responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing.
The trigeminal nerve.. ATN is usually attributed to inflammation or demyelination, with increased sensitivity of the trigeminal nerve.These effects are believed to be caused by infection, demyelinating diseases, or compression of the trigeminal nerve (by an impinging vein or artery, a tumor, dental trauma, accidents, or arteriovenous malformation) and are often confused with dental problems.
For example, teeth on one side of the jaw can be numbed by injecting the mandibular nerve. Occasionally, injury or disease processes may affect two (or all three) branches of the trigeminal nerve; in these cases, the involved branches may be termed: V1/V2 distribution – Referring to the ophthalmic and maxillary branches
Difficulty or pain with swallowing is called dysphagia, and it affects up to 15% or more of the population at some point in their lives.
Dysphagia is distinguished from other symptoms including odynophagia, which is defined as painful swallowing, [8] and globus, which is the sensation of a lump in the throat. A person can have dysphagia without odynophagia (dysfunction without pain), odynophagia without dysphagia (pain without dysfunction) or both together.
The trigeminal nerve goes from the brain to the face and branches out into three locations (hence the tri in the name). One branch runs along the scalp, providing sensation there.
Vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve, infections of the teeth or sinuses, physical trauma, or past viral infections are possible causes of ATN. [2] In the case of trigeminal neuralgia, the affected nerves are responsible for sensing touch, temperature sensation and pressure sensation in the facial area from the jaw to the forehead.
GN may also occur in combination with trigeminal or glossopharyngeal neuralgia. [2] The pain of GN is sharp, shooting or burning and can last for hours. Painful attacks can be triggered by cold, noise, swallowing or touch, but triggers are usually unique to the sufferer.