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ψ (psi) is the angle in the chain N − C α − C' − N (called φ′ by Ramachandran) The figure at right illustrates the location of each of these angles (but it does not show correctly the way they are defined). [8] The planarity of the peptide bond usually restricts ω to be 180° (the typical trans case) or 0° (the rare cis case).
A medium with a permeability of 1 darcy permits a flow of 1 cm 3 /s of a fluid with viscosity 1 cP (1 mPa·s) under a pressure gradient of 1 atm/cm acting across an area of 1 cm 2. Typical values of permeability range as high as 100,000 darcys for gravel, to less than 0.01 microdarcy for granite. Sand has a permeability of approximately 1 darcy ...
This is a rotation around the vector (x, y, z) by an angle 2θ, where cos θ = w and |sin θ| = ‖ (x, y, z) ‖. The proper sign for sin θ is implied, once the signs of the axis components are fixed. The 2:1-nature is apparent since both q and −q map to the same Q.
Flight dynamics is the science of air vehicle orientation and control in three dimensions. The three critical flight dynamics parameters are the angles of rotation in three dimensions about the vehicle's center of gravity (cg), known as pitch, roll and yaw.
For the sine function, we can handle other values. If θ > π /2, then θ > 1. But sin θ ≤ 1 (because of the Pythagorean identity), so sin θ < θ. So we have < <. For negative values of θ we have, by the symmetry of the sine function
1.5 psi Pressure increase per meter of a water column [26] 10 kPa 1.5 psi Decrease in air pressure when going from Earth sea level to 1000 m elevation [citation needed] +13 kPa +1.9 psi High air pressure for human lung, measured for trumpet player making staccato high notes [48] < +16 kPa +2.3 psi
Sets of rotation axes associated with both proper Euler angles and Tait-Bryan angles are commonly named using this notation (see above for details). Sometimes, the same sequence is simply called z-x-z, Z-X-Z, or 3-1-3, but this notation may be ambiguous as it may be identical to that used for extrinsic rotations. In this case, it becomes ...
[1] The angle, α {\displaystyle \alpha } , defines the rotation of the polarization axes between those defined for the Fresnel equations versus those of the detector. It can be used to correct for polarization mixing caused by a rotated detector, or to predict what the detector "sees", especially in the third Stokes component.