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The vertical volute spring suspension system is a type of vehicle suspension system which uses volute springs to compensate for surface irregularities. This type of the suspension system was mainly fitted on US and Italian tanks and armored fighting vehicles starting from throughout the 1930s up until after the end of the Second World War in 1945.
The design's origin lies with William Stout's 1932 Stout Scarab. [2] This rear-engined car used swing axle independent rear suspension, with long near-vertical coilover struts from high mounting points on the space frame chassis.
A beam axle, rigid axle, or solid axle is a dependent suspension design in which a set of wheels is connected laterally by a single beam or shaft. Beam axles were once commonly used at the rear wheels of a vehicle, but historically, they have also been used as front axles in four-wheel-drive vehicles.
MacPherson strut suspension, track control arm coloured dark blue. In automotive suspension, a control arm, also known as an A-arm, is a hinged suspension link between the chassis and the suspension upright or hub that carries the wheel. In simple terms, it governs a wheel's vertical travel, allowing it to move up or down when driving over ...
Historically, the first mass-production car with front-to-rear mechanical interconnected suspension was the 1948 Citroën 2CV. Suspension in the 2CV was extremely soft — the longitudinal link was making pitch softer, instead of making roll stiffer. It relied on extreme anti-dive and anti-squat geometries to compensate for that.
Watt's linkage automobile suspension Watt's linkage train suspension. Watt's linkage is used in the rear axle of some car suspensions as an improvement over the Panhard rod, which was designed in the early twentieth century. Both methods are intended to prevent relative sideways motion between the axle and body of the car.
The strut suspension of the pre-war Stout Scarab could have been an influence, and long-travel struts in aircraft landing gear were well known by that time. [ citation needed ] The French Cottin-Desgouttes utilized a similar design, albeit with less sophisticated leaf springs , [ 7 ] [ 8 ] but the Cottin-Desgouttes front suspension was in turn ...
The twist-beam rear suspension (also torsion-beam axle, deformable torsion beam, or compound crank) is a type of automobile suspension based on a large H- or C-shaped member. The front of the H attaches to the body via rubber bushings , and the rear of the H carries each stub-axle assembly, on each side of the car.