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The IBM 9020 was an IBM System/360 computer adapted into a multiprocessor system for use by the U.S. FAA for Air Traffic Control. [1] Systems were installed in the FAA's 20 en route Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCCs), beginning in the late 1960s. [2]: 6 The U.K. CAA also installed a system in its London centre. [3]
From 1996 to 1999, the FERC made a series of decisions which resulted in the restructuring of the U.S. electric utility industry. The FERC's intention in doing so was to open the wholesale power market to new players, with the hope that spurring competition would save consumers $4 to $5 billion per year and encourage technical innovation in the industry.
The Common Information Model (CIM) is an electric power transmission and distribution standard developed by the electric power industry. It aims to allow application software to exchange information about an electrical network. [1] It has been officially adopted by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
The electrical power grid that powers Northern America is not a single grid, but is instead divided into multiple wide area synchronous grids. [1] The Eastern Interconnection and the Western Interconnection are the largest. Three other regions include the Texas Interconnection, the Quebec Interconnection, and the Alaska Interconnection.
The combined transmission and distribution network is part of electricity delivery, known as the power grid. Grids are nearly always synchronous, meaning all distribution areas operate with three phase alternating current (AC) frequencies synchronized (so that voltage swings occur at almost the same time). This allows transmission of AC power ...
The Texas Interconnection is an alternating current (AC) power grid – a wide area synchronous grid – that covers most of the state of Texas. The grid is managed by the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT). The Texas Interconnection is one of the three minor grids in the North American power transmission grid.
Any IEEE 1901 products can coexist and be fully interoperable between products using the same technology. On the other hand, medium-frequency home control devices remain divided, although X10 tends to be dominant. For power grid use, IEEE has approved a low-frequency (≤ 500 kHz) standard called IEEE 1901.2 in 2013. [25]
Grid-tie inverters are designed to disconnect quickly from the grid if the utility grid goes down. In the United States, there is an NEC requirement [2] that in the event of a blackout, the grid tie inverter shut down to prevent the electricity it generates from harming persons repairing the power grid.