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Reflexive verbs can have a variety of uses and meanings, which often escape consistent classification. Some language-common identified uses are outlined below. [4] For example, Davies et al. [2] identify 12 uses for Spanish reflexive constructions, while Vinogradov [5] divides Russian reflexive verbs into as many as 16 groups.
Reflexivity may be expressed by means of: reflexive pronouns or reflexive verbs. The latter ones may be constructed with the help of reflexive affixes (e.g., in Russian) or reflective particles (e.g., in Polish).
Reflexive relation, a relation where elements of a set are self-related; Reflexive user interface, an interface that permits its own command verbs and sometimes underlying code to be edited; Reflexive operator algebra, an operator algebra that has enough invariant subspaces to characterize it; Reflexive space, a subset of Banach spaces
Reflexive pronouns are usually employed when the direct object in a sentence is also its subject, thus reflecting the action as expressed in the verb on the subject itself. This pronoun allows the building of three kinds of reflexive verbal forms: proper, non-proper (or ostensible), and reciprocal.
Autocausative refers to a type of reflexive that denotes "in an overwhelming majority of cases, change of location or motion which the (human) referent causes by his own activity." [1] In this kind of event, "the mind or will of an animate entity initiates some movement of their own body [...] or a part thereof."
Intransitive verbs are directly impersonalized by the use of the nonactive stem, while transitive verbs must first fill their object prefix positions with the appropriate nonreferential prefixes before the use of the nonactive stem, and reflexive verbs take the nonreferential reflexive prefix ne-, [1]: 170–175 [2]: 144–145 e.g.
Most Indo-European languages do not have special reciprocal affixes on verbs, and mutual relations are expressed through reflexive constructions or other mechanisms. For example, Russian reciprocal constructions have the suffix -sja (-ся, 'self'), which also has reflexive and passive interpretations.
However, verbs that use être in the past ("House of Être" verbs, reflexive verbs) use être to form the present perfect. For example, je serai venu(e) uses the future of être because of the action verb, venir (to come), which uses être in the past.