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The fashion industry, particularly manufacture and use of apparel and footwear, is a significant driver of greenhouse gas emissions and plastic pollution. [1] The rapid growth of fast fashion has led to around 80 billion items of clothing being consumed annually, with about 85% of clothes consumed in United States being sent to landfill.
The textile industry in India traditionally, after agriculture, is the only industry that has generated huge employment for both skilled and unskilled labour in textiles. The textile industry continues to be the second-largest employment generating sector in India. It offers direct employment to over 35 million in the country. [25]
Textile recycling is the process of recovering fiber, yarn, or fabric and reprocessing the material into new, useful products. [1] Textile waste is split into pre-consumer and post-consumer waste and is sorted into five different categories derived from a pyramid model.
During textile production, many pollutants are emitted into the environment. The textile and apparel industries are some of the most polluting, and both have a low recycling rate of about 15%. Zero-waste fashion design could significantly reduce gaseous emissions during the production process and help to reuse material waste. [29]
The textile industry is shown to have a 'negative environmental impact at most stages in the production process. [103] Global trade of secondhand clothing shows promise for reducing landfill use, however international relations and challenges to textile recycling keep the market small compared to total clothing use.
The industry faces challenges from increases in cotton production elsewhere where US cotton exports had gone and shifts to less expensive synthetic fibers, such as polyesters. From 2012-2016, Missouri was ranked eighth in cotton production in the United States with the average production value of $191,004,400.
One of the biggest concerns of the modern day textile industry is that synthetic textiles do not biodegrade over time. Approximately 700,000 tons of dyes are being used in the textile industry every year. 10 to 15 percent of the dyes that are used during clothing production remain unfixed dyes. [1]
Thus, Textile management is a multi- and interdisciplinary research area, i.e. a cluster of fields, which borrows different theoretical lenses and uses them in an applied setting. Researchers study different phenomenon, from entrepreneurship and innovation to integration of sustainability within the industry and local production of fashion. [ 5 ]