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String-like objects in relativistic theories, such as the strings used in some models of interactions between quarks, or those used in the modern string theory, also possess tension. These strings are analyzed in terms of their world sheet, and the energy is then typically proportional to the length of the string. As a result, the tension in ...
The equation was first proposed by French mathematician and music theorist Marin Mersenne in his 1636 work Harmonie universelle. [2] Mersenne's laws govern the construction and operation of string instruments, such as pianos and harps, which must accommodate the total tension force required to keep the strings at the proper pitch.
Vibration, standing waves in a string. The fundamental and the first 5 overtones in the harmonic series. A vibration in a string is a wave. Resonance causes a vibrating string to produce a sound with constant frequency, i.e. constant pitch. If the length or tension of the string is correctly adjusted, the sound produced is a musical tone.
An appealing feature of string theory is that fundamental particles can be viewed as excitations of the string. The tension in a string is on the order of the Planck force (10 44 newtons). The graviton (the proposed messenger particle of the gravitational force) is predicted by the theory to be a string with wave amplitude zero.
A model of Melde's experiment: an electric vibrator connected to a cable drives a pulley that suspends a mass that causes tension in the cable. Melde's experiment is a scientific experiment carried out in 1859 by the German physicist Franz Melde on the standing waves produced in a tense cable originally set oscillating by a tuning fork , later ...
is the tension in the string, and is the speed of light. Typically, string theorists work in "natural units" where c {\displaystyle c} is set to 1 (along with the reduce Planck constant ℏ {\displaystyle \hbar } and the Newtonian constant of gravitation G {\displaystyle G} ).
The static forces acting on the bridge are large, and dependent on the tension in the strings: [35] 20 lb f (89 N) passes down through the bridge as a result of a tension in the strings of 50 lb f (220 N). [36] The string 'break' angle made by the string across the bridge affects the downward force, and is typically 13 to 15° to the horizontal ...
There is only one dimensional constant in string theory, and that is the inverse string tension ′ with units of area. Sometimes ′ is therefore replaced by a length = ′. The string tension is mostly defined as the fraction