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Liquid nitrogen is a compact and readily transported source of dry nitrogen gas, as it does not require pressurization. Further, its ability to maintain temperatures far below the freezing point of water, specific heat of 1040 J ⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1 and heat of vaporization of 200 kJ⋅kg −1 makes it extremely useful in a wide range of ...
A cooling bath or ice bath, in laboratory chemistry practice, is a liquid mixture which is used to maintain low temperatures, typically between 13 °C and −196 °C. These low temperatures are used to collect liquids after distillation , to remove solvents using a rotary evaporator , or to perform a chemical reaction below room temperature ...
2 fluid drams or 10 mL [10] most common size: 2 1 ⁄ 2 fl dr or 10 mL [17] 2 fluidrachm or 8 mL, [11] or 7.5 mL [18] (actual range: 8.4–10.4 mL [12]) 2 fl dram or 8 mL [13] 1 ⁄ 4: 2 dessertspoons = 1 tablespoon tablespoon (mouthful) tbsp. or T., rarely tbls. 1 ⁄ 2 fluid ounce or 20 mL [10] most common size: 5 fl dr or 20 mL [17]
An imperial fluid ounce is 1 ⁄ 20 of an imperial pint, 1 ⁄ 160 of an imperial gallon or exactly 28.4130625 mL. A US customary fluid ounce is 1 ⁄ 16 of a US liquid pint and 1 ⁄ 128 of a US liquid gallon or exactly 29.5735295625 mL, making it about 4.08% larger than the imperial fluid ounce. A US food labeling fluid ounce is exactly 30 mL.
Liquid nitrogen Liquefaction of gases is physical conversion of a gas into a liquid state ( condensation ). The liquefaction of gases is a complicated process that uses various compressions and expansions to achieve high pressures and very low temperatures, using, for example, turboexpanders .
The liquid nitrogen wash has two principle functions: [1] Removal of impurities such as carbon monoxide, argon and methane from the crude hydrogen gas; Addition of the required stoichiometric amount of nitrogen to the hydrogen stream to achieve the correct ammonia synthesis gas ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen of 3 : 1
If a sufficient amount of liquid is vaporized within a closed container, it produces pressures that can rupture the pressure vessel. Hence the use of pressure relief valves and vent valves are important. [2] The expansion ratio of liquefied and cryogenic from the boiling point to ambient is: nitrogen – 1 to 696; liquid helium – 1 to 745 ...
The N value in NPK labels represents actual percentage of nitrogen element by weight, so it does not need to be converted. So, for example, an 18−51−20 fertilizer contains by weight 18% elemental nitrogen, 0.436 × 51 = 22% elemental phosphorus, and; 0.83 × 20 = 17% elemental potassium.