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Latin declension is the set of patterns according to which Latin words are declined—that is, have their endings altered to show grammatical case, number and gender.Nouns, pronouns, and adjectives are declined (verbs are conjugated), and a given pattern is called a declension.
When a preposition, adjective and noun are used together, this order is the most common one (75% of Caesar's examples): [52] ex humilī locō ad summam dignitātem [231] "from a humble position to the highest dignity" More rarely, a monosyllabic preposition may come between an adjective and noun in hyperbaton: hāc dē causā [232] "for this ...
The ending carries grammatical information, including case, number, and gender. [1] Gender is an inherent property of a noun but is part of the inflection of an adjective, because it must agree with the gender of the noun it modifies. [2] Thus, the general morphological form of such words is R+S+E:
Most nouns in English have distinct singular and plural forms. Nouns and most noun phrases can form a possessive construction. Plurality is most commonly shown by the ending-s (or -es), whereas possession is always shown by the enclitic-'s or, for plural forms ending in s, by just an apostrophe. Consider, for example, the forms of the noun girl.
ad-at, increase, on, toward Latin ad-, to adduction, addition aden-of or relating to a gland: Greek ἀδήν, ἀδέν-, (adḗn, adén-), an acorn; a gland: adenocarcinoma, adenology, adenotome, adenotyphus: adip-of or relating to fat or fatty tissue Latin adeps, adip-, fat adipocyte: adren-of or relating to the adrenal glands: Latin ad ...
The latter class, i.e. the neuter nominative/accusative singular, usually ends with -um in Latin and -ον (-on) in Greek, matching the accusative of the former. In Latin, the masculine words of the second declension that end with -us in the nominative case are differently declined from the latter in the vocative case: such words end with -e.
Nouns that end in -aius and -eius have vocatives that end in -aī or -eī even though the -i-in the nominative is consonantal. First-declension and second-declension adjectives also have distinct vocative forms in the masculine singular if the nominative ends in -us , with the ending -e .
The definite article takes the form yn before masculine nominative and genitive and feminine nominative nouns. This yn is often reduced to y before consonants or to 'n after grammatical words ending in a vowel. Plural nouns and feminine genitive nouns take the article ny, another archaic form of which is found in some place names as nyn. [3]