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Rainbow-independent set. In graph theory, a rainbow-independent set (ISR) is an independent set in a graph, in which each vertex has a different color. Formally, let G = (V, E) be a graph, and suppose vertex set V is partitioned into m subsets V1, …, Vm, called "colors". A set U of vertices is called a rainbow-independent set if it satisfies ...
The trading card game Magic: The Gathering has released a large number of sets since it was first published by Wizards of the Coast. After the 1993 release of Limited Edition, also known as Alpha and Beta, roughly 3-4 major sets have been released per year, in addition to various spin-off products. Magic has made three types of sets since Alpha ...
Ribbon cable. Left: 20-way grey ribbon cable with wire for pin 1 marked red, insulation partly stripped. Right: 16-way rainbow ribbon with IDC connector. A ribbon cable is a cable with many conducting wires running parallel to each other on the same flat plane. As a result, the cable is wide and flat. Its name comes from its resemblance to a ...
The Mandelbrot set within a continuously colored environment. The Mandelbrot set (/ ˈmændəlbroʊt, - brɒt /) [1][2] is a two-dimensional set with a relatively simple definition that exhibits great complexity, especially as it is magnified. It is popular for its aesthetic appeal and fractal structures. The set is defined in the complex plane ...
A rainbow table is a precomputed table for caching the outputs of a cryptographic hash function, usually for cracking password hashes. Passwords are typically stored not in plain text form, but as hash values. If such a database of hashed passwords falls into the hands of attackers, they can use a precomputed rainbow table to recover the ...
The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate. [1] For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of "thickness": for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water. [2] Viscosity is defined scientifically as a force multiplied by a time divided by an area.
Infinitary combinatorics. In mathematics, infinitary combinatorics, or combinatorial set theory, is an extension of ideas in combinatorics to infinite sets. Some of the things studied include continuous graphs and trees, extensions of Ramsey's theorem, and Martin's axiom. Recent developments concern combinatorics of the continuum [1] and ...
Spectrum. A spectrum (pl.: spectra or spectrums) [1] is a condition that is not limited to a specific set of values but can vary, without gaps, across a continuum. The word spectrum was first used scientifically in optics to describe the rainbow of colors in visible light after passing through a prism. As scientific understanding of light ...