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The phonemic template of a syllable in Finnish is (C)V (C) (C), in which C can be an obstruent or a liquid consonant. V can be realized as a doubled vowel or a diphthong. A final consonant of a Finnish word, though not a syllable, must be a coronal one; Standard Finnish does not allow final clusters of two consonants.
Consonant clusters are mostly absent from native Finnish words, except for a small set of two-consonant sequences in syllable codas, e.g. rs in karsta. However, as many recently adopted loanwords contain clusters, e.g. strutsi from Swedish struts , ('ostrich'), they have been integrated to the modern language in varying degrees.
The following table describes how each letter in the Finnish alphabet (Finnish: suomen aakkoset) is spelled and pronounced separately.If the name of a consonant begins with a vowel (usually ä [æ]), it can be pronounced and spelled either as a monosyllabic or bisyllabic word. [1]
Gemination. In phonetics and phonology, gemination (/ ˌdʒɛmɪˈneɪʃən /; from Latin geminatio 'doubling', itself from gemini 'twins' [1]), or consonant lengthening, is an articulation of a consonant for a longer period of time than that of a singleton consonant. [2] It is distinct from stress. Gemination is represented in many writing ...
In linguistics, a consonant cluster, consonant sequence or consonant compound, is a group of consonants which have no intervening vowel. In English, for example, the groups /spl/ and /ts/ are consonant clusters in the word splits. In the education field it is variously called a consonant cluster or a consonant blend. [1][2]
Traditionally a single three-consonant cluster *-str-has been reconstructed for a small group of words showing *-tr-in Southern Finnic and in Eastern Finnish, *-sr-in Karelian and Veps, and /-hr-/ in Western Finnish. This has recently been suggested to be reinterpreted as a two-consonant cluster *-cr-with an affricate as the initial member. [21]
Finnish has moraic consonants: l, h and n are of interest. In Standard Finnish, they are slightly intensified before a consonant in a medial cluster: -hj-. Some dialects, like Savo and Ostrobothnian, have epenthesis instead and use the preceding vowel in clusters of type -lC-and -hC-, in Savo also -nh-.
Consonant clusters with -j-are not allowed, so that a -i-is pronounced instead, e.g. kirja → kiria. The sound /d/ is completely replaced with a rhotic consonant r, either a trill /r/, or a flap /ɾ/, which produces problems such as that there is no or almost no contrast between veden (of water) and veren (of blood). For speakers with the flap ...