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  2. Infill wall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infill_wall

    The infill wall has the unique static function to bear its own weight. The infill wall is an external vertical opaque type of closure. With respect to other categories of wall, the infill wall differs from the partition that serves to separate two interior spaces, yet also non-load bearing, and from the load bearing wall.

  3. Steel plate shear wall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel_plate_shear_wall

    A steel plate shear element consists of steel infill plates bounded by a column-beam system. When these infill plates occupy each level within a framed bay of a structure, they constitute an SPW. Its behaviour is analogous to a vertical plate girder cantilevered from its base. Similar to plate girders, the SPW system optimizes component ...

  4. Rubble masonry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubble_masonry

    Rubble masonry core of the unfinished Alai Minar in the Qutb complex, India, c. 1316 CE. Rubble masonry or rubble stone is rough, uneven building stone not laid in regular courses. [1][2] It may fill the core of a wall which is faced with unit masonry such as brick or ashlar. Some medieval cathedral walls have outer shells of ashlar with an ...

  5. Wall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall

    A wall is a structure and a surface that defines an area; carries a load; provides security, shelter, or soundproofing; or, is decorative. There are many kinds of walls, including: Border barriers between countries. Brick walls. Defensive walls in fortifications. Permanent, solid fences.

  6. Earthbag construction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthbag_construction

    It is a natural building technique developed from historic military bunker construction techniques and temporary flood-control dike building methods. The technique requires very basic construction materials: sturdy sacks filled with organic material usually available on site. Standard earthbag fill material has internal stability.

  7. Tilt test (geotechnical engineering) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilt_test_(Geotechnical...

    The tilt-angle equals the material friction of the discontinuity wall plus the roughness i-angle (tilt-angle = φ wall material + i) if no real cohesion is present (i.e. no cementing or gluing material between the two blocks), no infill material is present, the asperities do not break, and the walls of the discontinuity are completely fitting at the start of the test, while if the walls of the ...

  8. Core-and-veneer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core-and-veneer

    Core-and-veneer. Core-and-veneer, brick and rubble, wall and rubble, ashlar and rubble, and emplekton all refer to a building technique where two parallel walls are constructed and the core between them is filled with rubble or other infill, creating one thick wall. [1] Originally, and in later poorly constructed walls, the rubble was not ...

  9. Earthquake engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake_engineering

    The lack of reinforcement coupled with poor mortar and inadequate roof-to-wall ties can result in substantial damage to an unreinforced masonry building. Severely cracked or leaning walls are some of the most common earthquake damage. Also hazardous is the damage that may occur between the walls and roof or floor diaphragms.