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An inward shooting piece of siege equipment. [7] Artillery: First seen in 14th century, only called artillery around the 15th and 16th century [8] China: After the invention of gunpowder in China, the ability to create firearms and siege artillery was open, siege technology advanced from here but, under the artillery category.
The text contains detailed descriptions of various complex metallurgical processes, [3] [4] as well as descriptions of how to set up and equip a laboratory and other topics concerning Indian alchemy. It is a work that synthesises the writings and opinions of several earlier authors and presents a coherent account of medieval Indian alchemy.
The word alchemy was derived from the Arabic word كيمياء or kīmiyāʾ [1] [2] and may ultimately derive from the ancient Egyptian word kemi, meaning black. [ 2 ] After the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the Islamic conquest of Roman Egypt , the focus of alchemical development moved to the Caliphate and the Islamic civilization .
These days, we would call them proprietary blends. But in the late 1500s and early 1600s, individual alchemists called the medicines they cooked up in their labs ‘secrets’. And now, thanks to ...
Picture of an alembic from a medieval manuscript. An alembic (from Arabic: الإنبيق, romanized: al-inbīq, originating from Ancient Greek: ἄμβιξ, romanized: ambix, 'cup, beaker') [1] [2] [3] is an alchemical still consisting of two vessels connected by a tube, used for distillation of liquids.
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Glauber's salt – sodium sulfate.Na 2 SO 4; Sal alembroth – salt composed of chlorides of ammonium and mercury.; Sal ammoniac – ammonium chloride.; Sal petrae (Med. Latin: "stone salt")/salt of petra/saltpetre/nitrate of potash – potassium nitrate, KNO 3, typically mined from covered dungheaps.
They constituted one of the most popular genres in early modern scientific publishing. The books of secrets contained hundreds of medical recipes, household hints, and technical recipes on metallurgy, alchemy, dyeing, making perfume, oil, incense, and cosmetics.