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Arguably the most important of the Phase II (conjugative) enzymes, UGTs have been the subject of increasing scientific inquiry since the mid-to-late 1990s. The reaction catalyzed by the UGT enzyme involves the addition of a glucuronic acid moiety to xenobiotics and is the most important pathway for the human body's elimination of the most ...
The reaction it catalyzes is: pyruvate + HCO − 3 + ATP → oxaloacetate + ADP + P. It is an important anaplerotic reaction that creates oxaloacetate from pyruvate. PC contains a biotin prosthetic group [1] and is typically localized to the mitochondria in eukaryotes with exceptions to some fungal species such as Aspergillus nidulans which have a cytosolic PC.
Hexokinase I, also known as hexokinase A and HK1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HK1 gene on chromosome 10. Hexokinases phosphorylate glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), the first step in most glucose metabolism pathways. This gene encodes a ubiquitous form of hexokinase which localizes to the outer membrane of ...
The biochemical pathways required to utilize glucose as a carbon and energy source are highly conserved from bacteria to humans. PGM1 is an evolutionarily conserved enzyme that regulates one of the most important metabolic carbohydrate trafficking points in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, catalyzing the bi-directional interconversion of glucose 1-phosphate (G-1-P) and glucose 6-phosphate ...
Beyond β-glucosidases expressed in human tissues, bacterial β-glucosidases are also found in human saliva and inside the intestine produced by the bacterial microbiota of the mouth and gastro-intestinal tract, with various implications to normal human health, drug and hormone metabolism, and involvement in certain diseases.
An exoenzyme, or extracellular enzyme, is an enzyme that is secreted by a cell and functions outside that cell. Exoenzymes are produced by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and have been shown to be a crucial component of many biological processes. Most often these enzymes are involved in the breakdown of larger macromolecules.
Photolyase is a phylogenetically old enzyme which is present and functional in many species, from the bacteria to the fungi to plants [9] and to the animals. [10] Photolyase is particularly important in repairing UV induced damage in plants.
Maltase is an informal name for a family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of disaccharide maltose into two simple sugars of glucose. Maltases are found in plants, bacteria, yeast, humans, and other vertebrates. Digestion of starch requires six intestinal enzymes. Two of these enzymes are luminal endo-glucosidases named alpha-amylases.