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Tube cap color or type in order of draw Additive Usage and comments Blood culture bottle: Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (anticoagulant) and growth media for microorganisms: Usually drawn first for minimal risk of contamination. [1] Two bottles are typically collected in one blood draw; one for aerobic organisms and one for anaerobic organisms ...
Bilirubin (BR) (from the Latin for "red ") is a red-orange compound that occurs in the normcomponent of the straw-yellow color in urine. [3] Another breakdown product, stercobilin, causes the brown color of feces. Although bilirubin is usually found in animals rather than plants, at least one plant species, S, is known to contain the pigment. [4]
Vacutainer tubes may contain additives designed to stabilize and preserve the specimen prior to analytical testing. Tubes are available with a safety-engineered stopper, with a variety of labeling options and draw volumes. The color of the top indicates the additives in the vial. [1] Vacutainer tubes were invented by Joseph Kleiner in 1949. [2]
Conjugated bilirubin is normally stored in the gallbladder as a constituent of bile and is excreted through the intestines; it does not occur at detectable levels in the urine. [81] The presence of bilirubin in the urine (termed bilirubinuria) occurs as a consequence of high blood levels of conjugated bilirubin in liver disease or bile duct ...
Hyperbilirubinemia is a clinical condition describing an elevation of blood bilirubin level due to the inability to properly metabolise or excrete bilirubin, a product of erythrocytes breakdown. In severe cases, it is manifested as jaundice, the yellowing of tissues like skin and the sclera when excess bilirubin deposits in them. [1]
Van den Bergh reaction is a chemical reaction used to measure bilirubin levels in blood. [1] [2] More specifically, it determines the amount of conjugated bilirubin in the blood. The reaction produces azobilirubin. Principle: bilirubin reacts with diazotised sulphanilic acid to produce purple coloured azobilirubin. [3]
Gmelin's test is a chemical test used for detecting the presence of bile pigments in urine.It is named after Leopold Gmelin, who introduced the test. [1] [2] [3] Five millilitres of urine is slowly added to five millilitres of concentrated nitric acid in a test-tube.
Azobilirubin is a coloured compound formed by the condensation of diazotized sulfanilic acid with bilirubin in the van den Bergh reaction. [1] The quantity of bilirubin in patients with jaundice can be determined by the formation of azobilirubin in the presence of methanol.