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A texture map (left). The corresponding normal map in tangent space (center). The normal map applied to a sphere in object space (right). Normal map reuse is made possible by encoding maps in tangent space. The tangent space is a vector space, which is tangent to the model's surface. The coordinate system varies smoothly (based on the ...
Bump mapping [1] is a texture mapping technique in computer graphics for simulating bumps and wrinkles on the surface of an object. This is achieved by perturbing the surface normals of the object and using the perturbed normal during lighting calculations. The result is an apparently bumpy surface rather than a smooth surface, although the ...
A texture map [5] [6] is an image applied (mapped) to the surface of a shape or polygon. [7] This may be a bitmap image or a procedural texture.They may be stored in common image file formats, referenced by 3D model formats or material definitions, and assembled into resource bundles.
When computing Worley noise, each seed is located within its own grid square. (Grid is not a part of the noise) Worley noise can be differentiated once to generate a normal map. (Grid is not a part of noise) Worley noise, also called Voronoi noise and cellular noise, is a noise function introduced by Steven Worley in 1996.
Cube maps provide a fairly straightforward and efficient solution to rendering stable specular highlights. Multiple specular highlights can be encoded into a cube map texture, which can then be accessed by interpolating across the surface's reflection vector to supply coordinates. Relative to computing lighting at individual vertices, this ...
The target application, normal mapping, is an extension of bump mapping that simulates lighting on geometric surfaces by reading surface normals from a rectilinear grid analogous to a texture map - giving simple models the impression of increased complexity. This additional channel however increases the load on the graphics system's memory ...
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A region of memory (or resource) used as both a render target and a texture map. Texture map A bitmap image/rendering resource used in texture mapping, applied to 3D models and indexed by UV mapping for 3D rendering. Texture space The coordinate space of a texture map, usually corresponding to UV coordinates in a 3D model.